Velopharyngeal A&P
What are the four velopharyngeal closure patterns?
Coronal, sagittal, circular, and circular with passavant's ridge.
What are two examples of low-tech/no-tech measures?
mirror test, air paddle, see scape, nose pinch, straw, listening tube, stethoscope
Can nasal air emission be picked up with nasometry?
Yes
True
What are some potential speech effects for a repaired palate?
Does muscle fatigue affect closure?
Yes.
An orofacial evaluation assess...
speed, strength, ROM, and coordination
What are the two passages we use to assess resonance?
The zoo and rainbow passage.
True or false: tonsils are an asset to normal speech.
False
Who would benefit from a biofeedback approach?
Children with NAE or intermittent hypernasality.
True or false: age impacts VP function.
False, it does not deteriorate with age alone.
True or false: a speech assessment is usually a formal assessment.
False, it is typically done through observation or patient report.
Differentiate between nasometry and nasendoscopy.
Nasometry is measured by energy comparisons, and nasendoscopy is measured by viewing the VP port
What are 2 potential causes to velopharyngeal insufficiency?
History of clefts, submucous cleft, short velum, deep pharynx, adenoid atrophy, irregular adenoids, hypertrophic tonsils, post-maxillary advancement, s/p adnoidectomy, removal of oral cavity tumors
Who would benefit from an articulation approach?
Children with single sound errors, several unrelated
sound errors, compensatory errors
Do high or low vowels have greater closure?
High vowels.
What are the three velopharyngeal dysfunctions discussed in class?
velopharyngeal insufficiency, incompetence, and mislearning
Why do high vowels have higher nasalance?
The tongue is higher in the oral cavity, the oral space is smaller, and more sound is transmitted through the velum.
Blockage of the nasopharynx causes...
Excessive closure and hyponasality
Who would benefit from a phonological approach?
Children with groups of related sound errors or patterns of errors
Name 3/8 velopharyngeal muscles
Levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini, musculus uvulae, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, superior pharyngeal constrictor, longus capitus, salpingopharyngeus
False, it is typically treated with surgery or a prosthetic device.
Children with a history of cleft palate should go through a speech evaluation by age...
3
True or false: men are more vulnerable to cleft lip/palate.
True
Cleft palate surgery is usually done around what age?
Between 6-18 months, ideally 12 months.