L
this is the respiratory center located in the brainstem
medulla
alveolar cells secrete this because alveoli are unstable and have a natural tendency to collapse.
surfactant
pursed lip breathing is a type of breathing that can be educated for your COPD patients and is a strategy taught to do what?
strategy taught to slow expiration.
you will hear this lung sound with asthma exacerbation?
wheezes
this is the volume of air inhales and exhaled with each breath. only a small proportion of total capacity of lungs.
tidal volume
You should use simple first aid measures to control epistaxis which include?
pt in sitting position, leaning slightly forward with head tilted forward, apply direct pressure by squeezing the entire soft lower part of the nostrils together for 5-15 mins, and reassure and calm pt. seek medical if doesnt stop in 15 mins
what is the key strategy to managing allergic rhinitis and goal drug therapy?
Avoid and ID triggers. take note and keep diary of activity that precipitate exposure.
Goal is reduce inflammation,reduce nasal symptoms, and max quality of life
this is the gold standard for diagnosing TB.
Culture- 3 consecutive sputum specimens are needed, collected in 8-24 hr intervals, with at least 1 early AM specimen.
you will hear this lung sound with pulmonary edema?
fine or coarse crackles.
the literal meaning of "dust in the lungs" is known as this? And this chronic inflammatory issue is considered this?
pneumoconiosis
asbestos
This is the laboratory test that measures the amount of cross-linked fibrin fragments. What are these fragments the result of? and when will this test be elevated?
D-dimer
result of clot degradation
PE
___________ (which occurs when fluid accumulates in the lungs), which is suggestive of PNA, is absent during bronchitis.
Consolidation
This is paradoxical movement of the chest wall and list the interventions needed??
Flail chest
o2 as neededto maintain 02, analgesia. stabilize flail segment with positive pressure ventilation (intubation and mech vent as needed). treat associated injuries. possible surgical fixation.
The most common manifestation of a lung abscess is?
cough-producing purulent sputum (often dark brown) that is foul smelling and foul tasting.
the most common symptom of lung cancer is this and often reported first?
persistent cough
Positioning for a thoracentesis?
upright with elbows on an overbed table and feet supported. do not talk or cough.
This is the intervention for hemothorax and pneumothorax?
chest tube insertion with chest drainage system. Connect to water seal drainage.
The area of the lung most affected due to aspiration is the _____________________?
posterior segment of the upper lobes.
What are you monitoring your patient for post thorocentesis?
hypoxia, and pneumothorax, verify breath sounds in all fields. encourage deep breaths.
if there is no bubbling in the suction control chamber of the chest tube what 3 things might that mean?
1- there is no suction
2- suction is not high enough
3- pleural air leak is so large that suction is not high enough to evacuate it.
This is the definitive test to diagnose any type of pulmonary HTN and why?
right sided cardiac cath.
it gives an accurate measurement of pulmonary artery pressures, cardiac output, and pulmonary vascular resistance.
What are the advantages of a LMWH over unfractionated heperin?
Greater bio-availability, subq admin, once daily dose, longer duration of therapeutic effect.
This is the initial emergency dressing intervention for a sucking chest wound with a penetrating object? (2 parts)
Cover sucking chest wound with nonporous dressing taped on 3 sides (vent dressing)
Stabilize impaled object with bulky dressings. DO NOT REMOVE OBJECT.
This is done when the chest tube becomes disconnected??
Chest tube is immersed in sterile water to act as water seal system until new system can be est. Clamping is no longer advocated unless directed by your MD!
This is a manifestation of chronic rejection in the lung transplant patient and is characterized by what?
Bronchioloitis obliterans
char by airflow obstruction that progresses over time. The onset is often subacute with gradual dev of extertional dyspnea, nonprod cough, wheezing, and/or low grade fever. Preventing acute rejection is key to decreasing the incidence of chronic rejection.