A
How is patent ductus arteriosus treated? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
I. Surgical ligation
II. Decrease in fluid intake
III. Indomethacin
IV. IV ibuprofen
V. Treating hypoxemia
I, II, III, IV, V
What is the most common congenital cardiac defect?
a. Ventricular septal defect
b. Pulmonary artery stenosis
c. Tetralogy of Fallot
d. Aortic stenosis
a. Ventricular septal defect
The physical examination of transposition of the great arteries includes all of the following except:
a. No cardiac murmur detected
b. Electrocardiogram normal
c. Chest radiograph normal (can be egg shaped)
d. Slow progressive cyanosis
d. Slow progressive cyanosis
Which of the following can be a short-term solution for a patient with Tetralogy of Fallot?
a. Blalock-Tausig Shunt
b. Rashkind Procedure
c. Caffeine Citrate
d. Prophylactic Surfactant Administration
a. Blalock-Tausig Shunt
Which of the following medications can be given to keep a patent ductus arteriosus from closing?
a. Indomethacin
b. PGE 1
c. IV Ibuprofen
d. Albuterol
b. PGE 1
How should the therapist interpret a preductal-to-postductal PO2 difference of 20 mm Hg in a neonate?
a. Unreliable data
b. Absence of ductal shunting
c. Presence of ductal shunting
d. Inconclusive data
c. Presence of ductal shunting
If an infant with transposition of the great arteries is presenting with severe cyanosis, what life-saving procedure should be immediately performed at the patient’s bedside?
a. Endotracheal tube placement
b. Rashkind procedure
c. Echocardiogram
d. None of the above
b. Rashkind procedure
Which of the following medications are the most common preoperative treatments to minimize preductal constriction until surgical correction of coarctation of the aorta can be achieved?
a. Diuretics
b. Negative inotropes
c. Prostaglandin E1
d. Methylprednisolone
c. Prostaglandin E1
What is deemed the industry standard for diagnosis and differentiation of congenital cardiac malformation?
Echocardiogram
A patient who presents with decreased femoral pulses, brachiofemoral delay, and continuous flow murmur suggest which cardiac anomaly?
Coarctation of the aorta
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a life-threatening problem because:
a. There is no blood delivery into the right side of the heart.
b. It presents with a congenital long QT syndrome on electrocardiogram
c. There is no blood delivery into the left side of the heart.
d. It presents with a congenital short QT syndrome on electrocardiogram
c. There is no blood delivery into the left side of the heart.
What pulse oximetry range should be maintained by the registered respiratory therapist for a patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome until after stage 3 repair?
a. SpO2 80%–90%
b. SpO2 65%–75%
c. SpO2 75%–85%
d. SpO2 greater than or equal to 92%
c. SpO2 75%–85%
Which of the following are symptoms of aortic valve stenosis (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)?
I. Snowman sign on a CXR
II. Failure to thrive
III. Harsh, loud systolic ejection murmur
IV. Excessive Feedings and weight gain
II and III
For which of the following congenital cardiac defects may be catastrophic if the ductus arteriosus closes (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)?
I. Tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia
II. Atrial septal defect
III. Severe coarctation of the aorta
IV. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
I, III, IV
Which of the following statements are true regarding transposition of the great arteries (TGA) (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)?
I. The aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle.
II. The aorta arises from the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle.
III. TGA is fatal without treatment.
IV. TGA occurs more often in males than females.
I, III, IV
Tetralogy of Fallot includes what defects (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)?
I. Atrial septal defect
II. Ventricular septal defect
III. Aorta that overrides the ventricular septal defect (overriding aorta)
IV. Pulmonary artery stenosis
V. Aortic stenosis
VI. Right ventricular hypertrophy
II, III, IV, VI