Hot Air
Windy City
Toxic Gas
Under Pressure
100
According to ARDSnet research, what should the pPlat be less than?
<30cmh20
(more than this is associated with higher mortality rates)
100
This pattern is called what and seen in what types of patients?
Cheyne Stokes and Terminal Illness/Brain Injury
100
This Capnogram shows the possible reading for what
Asthma/COPD or Obstructive
100
What is PEEP?
Pressure that holds up the alveoli at the end of expiration to prevent collapse to facilitate gas exchange.
200
What are two chronic conditions that fall under the umbrella of COPD? (e.g. pink puffer & blue bloater)
Chronic Bronchitis & Emphysema
200
What are the phases of ventilation?
a) Trigger, Limit, Cycle
b) Flow, cycle, termination
c) snap, crackle, pop
200
Adverse reaction of nitric oxide?
a) drop in BP
b) laughing / sedation
c)nitric dioxide irritation to lung parenchyma
200
What is the difference between IPAP and PS in NIV?
If IPAP is 15 and EPAP is 5, what would the PS be?
IPAP is the combination of insp pressure and PEEP
PS is the pressure above PEEP during inspiration
e.g. if IPAP is 15 and EPAP is 5
then: PSP will be 10 and PEEP is 5.
300
How should we set a tidal volume?
(clue: something to do with weight)
6-8ml/kg IBW
300
What is surfactant?
Lung surfactant is a fluid made of lipids and proteins that coats the inside of the air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs. Its primary job is to reduce surface tension, preventing the alveoli from collapsing when you exhale and making it much easier to breathe
300
Interpret this:
pH: 7.25
co2: 55
Po2: 70
Hco3: 22
Resp acidosis with no compensation
300
What is Minute Ventilation?
Vt x RR
400
What's the difference between dead space and shunt?
Dead space - ventilation but no perfusion
Shunt - no ventilation but good perfusion
400
What condition do you associate with high peak airway pressures, bronchospasm and increase airway resistance?
Asthma
400
What is the normal range of Hco3 when interpreting ABG?
22-26
400
What is the difference between SIMV VC and PRVC?
SIMV VC has a set tidal volume, and each mandatory breath is delivered with a set flow.
PRVC is an adaptive mode that monitors the pts pulmonary mechanics and adjust the pressure required (breath to breath) to achieve a set target tidal volume.
500
Define V/Q mismatch?
Imbalance between blood flow/perfusion and ventilation. Either caused by dead space or shunt
500
Pink, frothy sputum is indicative of what?
Pulmonary Oedema
500
In SIMV - PC you set:
- RR
- PC
what is the measured variable that needs to be monitored?
a) Peak airway pressures
b) Vt
c) MV
500
What is the difference between the PaO2 and SaO2 on your ABG?
SaO2 is the oxygen that is bound to haemoglobin
Pao2 is amount of oxygen dissolved in plasma