Respiration

Glycolysis phase 1

100

1. Where does glycolysis take place?

In the Cytosol

200

2. The first step of glycolysis requires an investment of_____?

2 ATP (invested per glucose)

300

3. In a phosphorylation reaction, a phosphate group is transferred from ATP to become_____?

ADP

400

4. In the energy investment phase, Fructose 1, 6 Bisphosphate is less stable than glucose and is broken down into two 3-carbon molecules of_____?

G3P

500

5. What is one of the end products in the energy investment phase of glycolysis? ADP or G3P

ADP or G3P

Glycolysis phase 2

100

1. 1. How many total molecules of ATP are formed in the energy capturing phase of glycolysis? 4 molecules of ATP

4 molecules of ATP

200

2. Through a process called______ _________ ATP forms when a phosphate group is transferred to ADP from a phosphorylated intermediate.

Substrate- level phosphorylation

300

3. Through a process called______ _________ ATP forms when a phosphate group is transferred to ADP from a phosphorylated intermediate.

Substrate- level phosphorylation

400

4. NADH is used to create a ______ gradient?

a proton gradient

500

5. G3P is oxidized by the removal of 2 electrons that immediately combine with the hydrogen carrier ______to become______?

NAD+ to become NADH

Pyruvate-Acetyl CoA

100

1. The electrons removed from NAD+ it is reduced to __________?

NADH

200

2. The pyruvate molecules formed in glycolysis are converted to acetyl CoA in the matrix of the________,

mitochondria

300

3. When a pyruvate acid molecule enters the mitochondria and one carbon is removed, what is the by-product?

CO2 or carbon dioxide

400

4. When pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA, the name of the process is called?

oxidative

500

5. What is the total number of NADH produced in Acetyl CoA formation

2 NADH created

Citric Acid Cycle

100

1. Where in the cell does the Citric Acid Cycle take place?

the mitochondria

200

2. During step 1 of the Citric Acid cycle, Acetyl CoA adds its 2-Carbon acetyl group to oxaloacetate, to produce what?

Citrate

300

3. During step 3 and 4 of the Citric Acid Cycle, when Citrate loses a CO2 molecule, and the resulting compound is then oxidized, what happens to the NAD+?

reduced to NADH

400

4. In step 5 of the Citric Acid Cycle, CoA is first displaced by a phosphate group, which is transferred to GDP to form GTP, and then transferred to ADP to form ATP. This process is known as?

substrate-level phosphorylation

500

5. During the 6th step of the Citric Acid Cycle, Succinate is oxidized when 2 Hydrogens are transferred to FAD, which forms what?

FADH2

Electron transport

100

1. The Electron Transport Chain involves H atoms or electrons transferring from one acceptor to another across what membrane of what structure?

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

200

2. During Oxidative Phosphorylation, Redox Reactions in the Electron Transport Chain are impacted by which electron acceptor?

Oxygen

300

3. Oxidative Phosphorylation is driven by what type of gradient?

Proton (H+) Gradient across mitochondrial membranes

400

4. Looking at the energy transfer, how many molecules of Glucose are required to yield the 36 to 38 ATP?

1 molecule of Glucose

500

5. 10 NADA and 2 FADH2 are used during Oxidative Phosphorylation to produce how many ATP?

Answer 32 to 34 ATP