Respiration and Artificial Ventilation

Basics of Respiration

100

The main muscle responsible for breathing which contracts to create negative pressure in the lungs 

Diaphragm 

200

This gas is inhaled during respiration and is essential for cellular function 

oxygen

300

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in these small structures within the lungs

Alveoli 

400

The phase of respiration when air is expelled from the lungs as muscles relax

exhalation 

500

The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with each normal breath

Tidal Volume 

Airway Management

100

This technique is used to open the airway in an unconscious patient without suspected spinal injury

head-tilt, chin lift 

200

This maneuver is used to open the airway in a patient with suspected spinal injury

Jaw thrust

300

The piece of equipment provides high-concentration oxygen and prevents the patient from rebreathing exhaled air

NRB mask

400

Tis device is inserted to maintain an open airway in an unconscious patient who cannot protect their own airway 

OPA

500

Two primary airway adjuncts used in prehospital care 

OPAs and NPAs

Signs of inadequate breathing

100

This skin color change happens when the patient is not getting adequate oxygen

Cyanosis 

200

Breathing rate above 20/min

tachypnea 

300

This sound, heard during breathing may indicate an obstruction or narrowing of the upper aiway

stridor

400

A patient with difficulty breathing, commonly assessed by observing accessory muscle use and other visual clues

respiratory distress

500

These two techniques are commonly used to assess if the patients breathing is adequate 

chest rise and fall auscultating breath sounds 

Artificial Ventilation

100

This common tool provides positive pressure ventilation in emergency settings 

BVM

200

This is the prefered ventilation rate when providing artificial ventilation to an adult

10-12

300

When ventilation a patient with a BVM, this airway adjunct is often used to ensure a proper seal and ventilation 

OPA

400

The term for when air is forced into the stomach instead of the lungs during ventilation 

Gastric inflation 

500

The advanced technique involves inserting a device into the trachea to provide controlled ventilation

Endotracheal  intubation 

Normal breathing mechanisms

100

This muscle contracts to increase volume of the thoracic cavity creathing negative pressure of inhalation 

diaphragm

200

The process by which air moves into the lungs due to lower pressure in the chest cavity compared to atmospheric pressure 

inhalation or inspiration 

300

These muscles located between the ribs, assist in expanding the chest during inhalation 

intercostal muscles

400

This term describes the normal, unassisted breathing that relies on negative pressure 

spontaneous respiration 

500

The term for passive movement of air out of the lungs when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax

exhalation or expiration