Organs & Histology
Which tissue type is found in the Nose
• Pseudo-compound cilliated epithelial tissue
• Hyaline cartilage skeletal tissue
• Skeletal muscle tissue
Name the two processes of Respiration
1.Internal or Cellular Respiration
2.External Respiration
Where does oxygen move to when in the alveoli
The capillaries
Explain Lung Cancer
An abnormal growth of cells in the lungs
Which tissue types are found in the trachea and state their functions
• Pseudo-compound cilliated epithelial tissue, secretes mucus that protects against dust particles and germs
• Hyaline cartilage skeletal connective tissue, keeps the trachea (air-pathway) open
Give the equation for cellular respiration
glucose+oxygen--->water+carbon dioxide+energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP
How does oxygen and carbon dioxide move between tissues, blood and lungs
Simple diffusion
What structure becomes damaged in Emphysema
The alveoli become damaged
What is the function of lungs
Each lung is formed of...
• Lungs are responsible for gas exchange between our blood and the air.
• Each lung is formed of bronchial tree, alveolar ducts, alveoli, blood vessels.
List the organs in order of contact with air in the respiratory pathway
1. Nose/mouth
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Bronchi
6. Lungs
Explain this reaction
Hb+O2 <---> HbO2
•After oxygen enters the blood capillaries in the lungs it diffuses into the red blood cells and unites with the respiratory pigment known as haemoglobin in the form
Hb+O2 <---> HbO2
•The arrow indicates that the reaction is reversible, in other words it can go in either direction. In the lungs the reaction goes to the right from oxyhaemoglobin, and in the tissues, it goes to the left releasing O2.
Explain Asthma
• Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes airways to tighten and narrow.
• This narrowing of the airways prevents air from flowing properly, causing difficulty breathing, sometimes to the point of being life-threatening
Describe the shape and function of alveoli
•Each alveolus is a hollow, cup-shaped cavity surrounded by many tiny capillaries.
•Alveoli are the functional units of the lungs that permit gas exchange between the air in the lungs and the blood in the capillaries of the lungs.
Explain Inhalation
Include muscle, diaphragm and rib cage movement
Inhalation is the mechanism of breathing in.
During Inhalation:
• Intercostal muscles in the chest wall contract
• Rib cage moves upwards and outwards
• Diaphragm moves downwards
This causes air to enter the lungs
Explain the concentration of oxygen in the lungs and tissues
Include oxyhaemoglobin• In the lungs the concentration of the oxygen is relatively high and thus the oxyhaemoglobin is formed.
• In the tissues the oxygen is little and accordingly oxyhaemoglobin breaks down releasing oxygen to diffuse to the tissue cells.
Which lung diseases are caused by smoking
Emphysema, Lung cancer and bronchitis
What is the function of smooth muscle tissue and pseudo-cilliated epithelial tissue in bronchi and bronchioles
• Smooth muscle tissue in the walls help to regulate airflow into the lungs.
• The bronchi and bronchioles use the mucus and cilia of their epithelial lining to trap and move dust and other contaminants away from the lungs.
Explain Exhalation
Include muscle, diaphragm and rib cage movement
Exhalation is the mechanism of breathing out
During Exhalation:
• Intercostal muscles in the chest wall relax
• Rib cage moves downwards and inwards
• Diaphragm relax and moves upwards
This causes air to flow out of the lungs the
How is carbon dioxide carried
• Carbon dioxide is carried in loose chemical unions with haemoglobin as carbaminhaemoglobin
• Small amount present as carbonic acid H2CO3
• Most of the latter is converted into bicarbonates of sodium or potassium.
How well was the presentation?
The presentation was great and deserves an A+