Cellular Respiration
What's the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration?
Anaerobic does not have oxygen available and aerobic does.
Products of photosynthesis
oxygen, glucose
Make complementary base pairs to the code: ACTGCAT
TGACGTA
What direction does transcription go?
5'-3'
Location of translation
ribosome
What are the reactants and products for cellular respiration?
Reactants: Glucose, oxygen
Products: CO2, ATP, water
What color light is the most useful for photosynthesis?
violet
State the function of helicase and DNA polymerase
helicase-unwind DNA
DNA polymerase-make matches, proofread
What is the template and product for transcription?
template: DNA
product: mRNA
State the start codon and the amino acid associated with it.
AUG- methionine
Describe the link reaction.
Occurs in the matrix. Decarboxylation breaks off a carbon so that acetyl CoA can be formed. No ATP is formed during this process.
Compare and contrast the action and absorption spectrum. (3)
Similarities: They are both related to photosynthesis, both have peaks in violet/blue and orange/red, etc.
Differences: Action shows how much photosynthesis takes while absorption shows how much light is absorbed, more of the green/yellow light is absorbed than used
What are the steps of PCR?
denaturation, annealing, elongation
How can you tell what the antisense strand is?
If you have a picture, RNA polymerase will be attached to it. If not, you will see what mRNA was formed and looked to see what matches with it from the DNA.
Find the amino acids for the following code.
TACGAT
mRNA: AUGCUA
amino acids: met, leu
Draw and label the mitochondria
should have cristae, matrix, inner membrane, outer membrane, inter membrane space, 70S ribosomes, DNA
How can you measure the rate of photosynthesis? Describe your chosen way.
Measure biomass
Count the bubbles
Measure oxygen release with syringe
Measure pH
Describe the process of replication. (4)
Helicase unzips DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds. DNA polymerase will add complementary bases from 5' to 3'. It will also proofread as it goes. One polymerase will go in one direction following the helicase; one polymerase will go in the opposite direction. Once it has finished you will have two copies of the original DNA with one old strand and one new strand.
Describe the process of transcription.
RNA polymerase attaches to the antisense strand at the beginning of a gene. RNA polymerase will then unzip the DNA and make complementary base pairs. Once it reaches the end of the gene, RNA polymerase will detach and DNA will wind back up.
Draw and label the ribosome.
You don't have to put the full name for A, P, and E site.
Describe glycolysis.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. The goal is to split glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules which are made of 3 carbon molecules each. Phosphorylation causes the split because a phosphate is added to either side of the glucose molecule which causes stress. The process makes 4 ATP but has a net yield of 2 ATP.
Draw the action and absorption spectrum
Remember, you don't get colors on the test.
Describe the PCR reaction
Denaturation-thermal cycler heats up and breaks hydrogen bonds
Annealing- primers attach to either end of the split DNA molecule
Elongation- Taq polymerase does complementary base pairing and proofreading
Repeat around 30 times
Freebie
Free
Describe the process of translation.
Initiation- mRNA attaches to ribosome at the mRNA binding site, scans until AUG is found, met will be brought by the appropriate tRNA, large and small subunit join together
Elongation- second tRNA enters through A site, this amino acid will form a peptide bond with the original one, the original tRNA passes its amino acid to the 2nd tRNA and exits, the 2nd tRNA moves to the P site, another tRNA enters through the A site, and the cycle continues
Termination-stop codon reached, release factor attaches which causes the polypeptide to be released, everything else will fall apart