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What molecule is the main energy currency of the cell?
ATP
Which type of respiration requires oxygen?
Aerobic
What is the first stage of respiration called?
Glycolysis
What gas is released during aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide / CO2
Why do cells need ATP? Give one example of what ATP is used for.
Muscle contraction
Active transport
Protein synthesis
Cell division
What molecule is formed after ATP loses a phosphate?
ADP
Which type produces more ATP?
Aerobic
Name the three main stages of aerobic respiration.
Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
What is the product of fermentation in animals?
Lactic acid
Why does anaerobic respiration happen during intense exercise?
Not enough oxygen / oxygen runs out in muscles
Which bond in ATP releases energy when broken?
The bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate
Which type is used for short-term energy in muscles?
Anaerobic
Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
What is the product of fermentation in plants?
Ethanol and CO2
Explain why champagne is carbonated.
During fermentation, the grapes turn into carbon dioxide (and ethanol), which form the bubbles.
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What type of respiration is a reversible reaction?
In what stage of aerobic respiration is oxygen required?
Electron transport chain
Draw a simple diagram of glycolysis.
Glucose ----> 2x pyruvate, 2 ADP -> 2 ATP
What type of cells in the body would contain a lot of mitochondria?
Muscle cells
Nerve cells
Liver cells
Kidney cells
Sperm cells
Draw a simple ATP → ADP reaction, including the phosphate group and adding energy to the side of the reaction where it is added or released.
ATP → ADP + Pi + energy
Give one advantage and one disadvantage of anaerobic respiration.
Advantage – fast / no oxygen needed
Disadvantage – little ATP / produces lactate or ethanol
Put the 3 stages of aerobic respiration in order and label how many ATP are made at each stage.
Glycolysis – 2 ATP
Citric Acid Cycle – 2 ATP
Electron Transport Chain – 34 ATP
Why is fermentation important when oxygen is not present?
It allows glycolysis to continue / allows ATP production to continue
A runner is sprinting and runs out of oxygen.
Which type of respiration will their muscle cells switch to, and one problem this causes in the muscles.
Respiration type: Anaerobic respiration
Problem: less ATP / muscles begin to burn