General
List two causes of respiratory acidosis
hypoventilation
decreased respiratory stimuli (anesthesia, drug overdose), COPD, pneumonia, atelectasis, brain trauma
What is the term for the condition when the air sacs, also known as alveoli collapse?
Atelectasis
2 risk factors for pulmonary embolus
surgery of the pelvis or lower legs, immobility, smoking, obesity, estrogen therapy & clotting abnormalities
Refers to chronic productive cough that is present for 3 months in each of 2 successive years; no other identifiable cause
chronic bronchitis
What is a common physical finding with patients who have emphysema?
Barrel Chest
How many lobes are in each lung?
Right- 3 lobes
Left-2 lobes
If you snore, you are automatically diagnosed with sleep apnea?
False
Blood accumulation between chest wall and lung that is often associated with pneumothorax
Hemothorax
Define status asthmaticus
severe persistent bronchospasm, can lead to R. sided HF, pneumothorax, worsening hypoxemia, acidosis, or respiratory/ cardiac arrest.
A nurse is caring when she notices nasal flaring and agitation. The nurse knows this is a sign of?
Increased respiratory distress
What is the most common cause of respiratory alkalosis?
inspiration
What cancer is the leading cause of death for men and women?
Lung Cancer
What kind of dressing is used in chest traumas to prevent pneumothorax?
3-way occlusive dressings
Gold standard test for TB
sputum culture (NAAT)
What is a essential nursing intervention for patients who are at risk of pneumonia?
What is oral care
ph 7.14, CO2 52, HCO3 36
partially compensated respiratory acidosis
What is a common finding with a tension pneumothorax?
Tracheal deviation
The patient is exhibiting:
rapid onset dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, cough, orthopnea, unilateral calf or thigh pain/ swelling, diaphoretic
Diagnosis?
pulmonary embolus
What medications should not be administered to a patient with asthma?
Beta blocker and aspirin
What are the most common medications to treat TB and how long does a patient have to be treated?
•Isoniazid (called INH)
•Rifampin
•Pyrazinamide (PZA)
•Ethambutol
Typically 6-12 months
Interpret the following ABG:
pH 7.48, paco2 30, hco3 23
respiratory alkalosis
What is an early sign of lung caner?
Hoarseness and new onset cough or changes in chronic cough
HPI: recent car accident, pt's chest hit steering wheel.
s/s: dyspnea, lung sounds absent on right side, trachea deviated to left side, decreased blood pressure
Diagnosis?
tension pneumothorax
•In late stages of COPD, pulmonary HTN may develop
•Right ventricle becomes enlarged & eventually fails
Cor pulmonale
What is the main priority for a patient who is having an asthma exacerbation?
Administer beta 2 agonist in the form of a breathing treatment or inhaler.