Anatomy
Right lung...
A higher than normal concentration of __________ indicates cyanosis?
reduced hemoglobin
Why:
Cyanosis in the body occurs due a reduced hemoglobin concentration that is at least 6-8 grams of hemoglobin per deciliter of blood lower than the normal hemoglobin range for men and women.
Hemoglobin is what carries oxygen in the blood. The blood then carries this oxygen to various tissues in the body. When hemoglobin is low, oxygen is not delivered fast and efficiently enough to the appropriate tissues of the body, thus turning them visibly blue (cyanosis).
What type intubation blade is this?
MAC
designed to match the curve of the tongue and to put point pressure on the hyoepiglottic ligament. With pressure in the vallecula on this ligament, the epiglottis is pulled upward.
What does an ABG measure?
oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in your blood as well your blood's pH balance.
What is Wheezing and why does it happen? Give me an example of a patient that may experience it?
whistling-type noises produced during expiration (and sometimes inspiration)
when air is forced through airways narrowed by bronchoconstriction or associated mucosal edema.
patients with asthma.
Trachea
IRV (inspiratory reserve volume), TV (tidal volume), ERV (expiratory reserve volume), RV (residual volume)
The total lung capacity (TLC) is equal to which of the following?
A) IRV + TV + ERV
B) TV + ERV
C) IRV + ERV
D) IRV + TV + ERV + RV
D) IRV + TV + ERV + RV
Why:
The total lung capacity (TLC) = IRV (inspiratory reserve volume) + TV (tidal volume) + ERV (expiratory reserve volume) + RV (residual volume).
The total lung capacity (TLC ) is the maximum volume of gas present in the lungs after a maximal inspiration. It includes all of the possible lung volumes.
what type of intubation blade is this?
miller blade.
What is alkalemia and what is the PH range of it?
buildup of excess base or alkali in the body/decrease in Hydrogen oion in body.
pH greater than 7.45
What is stridor? Why does it occur, and where does it occur?
abnormal lung sounds.
mechanical obstruction at trachea/upper airway
heard only on inspiration.
What is the name of this tissue?
Diaphragm
Which of the following is the actual sites of gas exchange?
A) trachea
B ) alveoli
C) bronchioles
D) pleural spaces
alveoli
What is the most common size of ET tube in adults?
an adult male is 8.0, and an adult female is 7.0
What is acidemia and what is the pH range?
increase in the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood, resulting in a decrease in pH
pH < 7.35 acidemia
what are crackles/rales. why does it happen? Give me an example of pathology.
popping or crackling sounds heard on inspiration.
occur in association with conditions that cause fluid to accumulate within the alveolar and interstitial spaces.
EX: pneumonia, Heart failure.
What is the name of these two tissues inside the lungs?
Bronchioles: carry air to small sacs called alveoli.
Alveoli: perform bodies gas exchange.
What is the inspiratory reserve volume?
A) The amount of air necessary to completely fill the lungs.
B) The amount of air that stays in the lungs following exhalation.
C) The total volume of the thoracic cavity
D) The additional amount of air that can be forcefully. inhaled following a normal inspiration.
The additional amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled following a normal inspiration.
What is an LMA and what is it used for?
laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is a supraglottic airway device.
It is designed to sit in the patient’s hypopharynx and cover the supraglottic structures, thereby allowing relative isolation of the trachea
What are the normal ranges of
pH-acid-base balance of the blood.
PaO2-amount of oxygen in arterial blood.
PACO2-amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
HCO3-refers to the total amount of CO2 that is transported in the blood.
pH 7.35-7.45
PaO2 75-100 mmHg
PaCO2 35-45 mmHG
HCO3 22-26mEq/L
perform a respiratory assessment on Me.
Pass/Fail
Label this persons anatomy
TOP DOWN: nasal cavity, nostril, epiglottis, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, left (Pleural cavity) left lung, right lung.
is the positive pressure that will remain in the airways at the end of the respiratory cycle (end of exhalation) that is greater than the atmospheric pressure in mechanically ventilated patients.
Utilizing the tools infront of you, intubate this patient in 45 seconds. you have 2 tries to insert the ET Tube.
PASS/FAIL
What does ABG stand for
Arterial Blood Gas?
What is Normal Respiratory rate for an adult.
16