Epidemiology
80% to 85% of lung cancer is associated with this behavior
Cigarette smoking
This type of atelectasis is associated with accumulations of fluid, blood, or air within the pleural cavity
Compression/passive/or relaxation atelectasis
This tumor commonly presents with hemoptysis and arises centrally in the main bronchi.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
This tumor metastasizing to lung often shows single cells with pigment and intranuclear inclusions.
Metastatic melanoma
A 62-year-old male smoker presents with hemoptysis. CT shows a centrally located cavitary mass. Bronchial brushing reveals discohesive malignant cells with dense orangeophilic cytoplasm, keratin pearls, tadpole cells, and tumor diathesis. IHC demonstrates p40+, CK5/6+, TTF-1–.
KSCC
Smokeless tobacco users have an increased risk of developing this type of cancer
Oral cancer
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and diseases associated with interstitial inflammation may cause this type of atelectasis
Microatelectasis (Non-obstructive)
This cytologic feature is classic for small cell carcinoma.
Nuclear molding
Large malignant cells with abundant clear cytoplasm, delicate vasculature, and PAX8 positivity in a lung mass from a patient with a prior nephrectomy most likely represent what malignancy.
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma
A 70-year-old patient treated repeatedly for pneumonia has persistent infiltrates. Sputum shows numerous “ball-like” clusters resembling Creola bodies, bland round nuclei, fine chromatin, psammoma bodies, and abundant macrophages. PAS positive.
Lepidic adenocarcinoma
p53
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, consists of what two types?
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
These immunomarkers are positive in squamous cell carcinoma but negative in adenocarcinoma.
p40 and CK5/6
Clusters of malignant cells with intracellular lumens, prominent nucleoli, ER positivity, and TTF-1 negativity in a patient most likely represent this diagnosis.
Metastatic breast carcinoma
A 55-year-old woman with no smoking history presents with an incidental peripheral lung nodule. FNA shows 3D glandular clusters, acinar formations, eccentric nuclei with prominent central nucleoli, fine powdery chromatin, and mucin-positive vacuoles. IHC: TTF-1+, Napsin A+, CK7+.
Primary lung adenocarcinoma
Asbestos exposure when combined with smoking increases the risk of cancer by this much
50x
This storage disorder is caused by a build up of glucocerebroside in macrophages.
Gaucher Disease
These tumors derive from Kulchitsky cells and show dense-core neurosecretory granules on EM.
pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors
A lung lesion composed of follicular structures with colloid-like material and positive thyroglobulin staining is most indicative of this diagnosis.
Metastatic thyroid carcinoma
A 30-year-old patient has an endobronchial mass. Cytology shows uniform cells in 3D nests and rosettes, salt-and-pepper chromatin, moderate cytoplasm, no necrosis, and no mitoses. What diagnosis does this clinical picture support and which two stains would show positivity that supports this diagnosis?
Carcinoid & Chromogranin and synaptophysin would be positive.
This percentage of heavy smokers develop lung cancer
11%
Loffler Pneumonia is characterized by an infiltrations of what cell type with pulmonary infiltrates on CXR
eosinophils
This neuroendocrine tumor has a 5-year survival rate near 98%.
typical carcinoid
Radiographically, multiple well-circumscribed bilateral pulmonary nodules in a patient with known malignancy most strongly suggest this process.
Metastatic hematogenous spread to the lung or spreading of tumor cells through the bloodstream to the pulmonary capillary beds.
FNA reveals large pleomorphic cells, prominent nucleoli, irregular nuclear clearing, multinucleation, necrosis, and ill-defined cytoplasm. No glandular formation, keratinization, or neuroendocrine markers are identified.
large cell carcinoma