Show:
Etiology
Anatomical Alterations
Manifestations
Treatment
Potpouri
100

Decreased lung expansion and excessive airway secretions can cause: 

What is Atelectasis?

100

Pulmonary capillaries become engorged and the permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane increases.  

What is an anatomical alteration associated with ARDS?
100

Sudden onset of dyspnea with a recent history of trauma or event in the last 48 hours.

How does ARDS clinically manifest itself? 
100

Mechanical ventilation with PEEP

How do you treat a flail chest? 

100

Severe and worsening hypoxemia or alveolar hypoventilation can cause:

What is acute respiratory failure? 

200

Direct compression from a heavy object or an MVA can cause:

What is a Flail Chest?

200

Paradoxical movement of the chest with a Pendulluft effect. 

What is the anatomical alterations associated with Flail Chest? 

200

Broken area of the lungs bulges out during expiration and sinks in during inspiration. 

What is a clinical manifestions associated with Flail Chest?

200

Chest tube or needle aspiration

How could you treat a Pneumothorax?
200

Penetrating chest wounds can cause:

What is a pneumothorax?

300

The number one reason for mechanical ventilation.

What is Acute Respiratory Failure?

300

Inadequate tidal volumes during mechanical ventilation and decreased ciliary transport. 

What are two causes of atelectasis? 

300

Blunting of the costophrenic angle  or meniscus sign.

How does a pleural effusion manifest itself?

300

Incentive spirometry or bronchial hygiene.

What are two ways to treat atelectasis?

300

The Hct of this fluid needs to be > 50% in order to diagnose this. 

What is a hemothorax?

400

Fluid from capillaries moves into the pleural space or can cause:

What is a Pleural Effusion

400

Lung collapse follwed by atelectasis and compression of the great vessels cause decreased cardiac return.

What are the anatomical alterations associated with a pneumothorax?

400
Increased density on the CXR, elevation of the hemidiaphragm on the affected side, and mediastinal shift toward affected side.
How does atelectasis manifest itself?
400

ARDSnet  6 mL/kg for tidal volume

How do you treat ARDS?

400

Production of adhesions between the visceral and parietal pleura.

What is pleurodesis?

500
Pneumonia, massive blood transfusions, sepsis, DIC, lung transplant, aspiration, immunological reactions and severe trauma can cause: 

What is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?

500

Fluid, whether it is blood, water, or chyle accumulates in the pleural space. 

What anatomical alterations are seen in pleural effusions?

500

Flailed area of the chest bulges out during expiration and sinks in during inspiration. 

How does Flail Chest manifest itself?
500

Mechanical Ventilation

What is acute respiratory failure?

500
Perforation of the chest wall and pleural space to aspirate fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic reasons

What is a thoracentesis?