Asthma
This chronic disease is characterized by intermittent, reversible airway obstruction.
What is asthma?
This is the greatest risk factor for developing COPD.
Cigarette smoking
This is the most common cause of pneumonia.
Bacteria
Cystic fibrosis is inherited in this genetic pattern.
Autosomal recessive
This is the most common cause of a pulmonary embolism.
Blood clot (thrombus)
This type of hemoglobin is abnormal in sickle cell disease.
Hemoglobin S (HbS)
This condition is defined as a reduction in RBCs, hemoglobin, or hematocrit.
Anemia
These cells are involved in asthma inflammation and include mast cells, eosinophils, and this type of lymphocyte.
What are T-lymphocytes
This genetic condition can cause early-onset emphysema.
What is alpha₁-antitrypsin deficiency?
This type of pneumonia occurs 48 hours after hospital admission.
Hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP)
This problem occurs due to thick mucus blocking pancreatic ducts.
Malabsorption
This symptom is a sudden hallmark of PE.
Dyspnea
This is the most common symptom during a vaso-occlusive crisis.
Pain
This is the most common cause of anemia worldwide.
Iron Deficiency
A decrease in this pulmonary function test value is a hallmark of obstructive diseases like asthma.
What is FEV₁?
This breathing technique helps reduce air trapping in COPD patients.
Pursed lip breathing
This diagnostic test confirms pneumonia by showing infiltrates or consolidation.
What is a chest X ray?
These enzymes must be taken with every meal in CF patients.
Pancreatic enzymes
This diagnostic test is commonly used to confirm PE.
CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA)
This life-threatening complication presents with chest pain, fever, and hypoxia.
Acute chest syndrome
This vitamin deficiency causes neurologic symptoms and anemia.
Vitamin B12 deficiency
This late and ominous sign in asthma indicates impending respiratory failure.
What is a "silent chest"?
COPD patients often retain this gas, leading to respiratory acidosis.
What is carbon dioxide (CO₂)?
This priority problem in pneumonia results from fluid-filled alveoli.
What is decreased gas exchange?
This therapy helps remove thick secretions from the lungs daily.
Chest physiotherapy (CPT)
This lab test is elevated when a clot is present.
D-dimer
This intervention helps reduce blood viscosity in sickle cell patients.
Hydration (IV fluids)
This anemia is caused by bone marrow failure.
Aplastic anemia
This life-threatening asthma condition does not respond to standard therapy and may require intubation.
What is status asthmaticus?
This condition refers to right-sided heart failure caused by chronic lung disease.
What is cor pulmonale?
This serious complication of pneumonia is indicated by elevated lactate and hypotension.
Sepsis
This advanced treatment can extend life but does not cure CF.
What is a lung transplant
This priority problem in PE is caused by impaired gas exchange.
Hypoxemia
This severe complication results from widespread infection and organ failure.
Sepsis or MODS
This type of anemia results from destruction of RBCs due to autoimmune processes.
Hemolytic anemia