Nasal Cavity
How do you treat a child with epistaxis?
Pressure to bridge of nose
Lean forward
Ice
Nasal packing, Rapid Rhino,
Vasoconstrictive Agent, Electrocautery
What are the signs/symptoms of OSA?
Snoring, daytime sleepiness, headache, memory/attention problems
A patient with pleurisy has sharp pain when?
On inspiration
COPD is a combination of what?
#1 cause?
Is proper gas exchange occuring?
Complications?
Education?
Chronic bronchitis & Emphysema
Smoking
No--mucous, air trapping, decreased recoil
R. HF, wt loss, pneumo, respiratory failure
Stop smoking, Advanced directives, meds, hospice
Inflammation of the bronchial tree. If occurs more than 3 months out of the year for 2 consecutive years, it is considered chronic?
What is occurring if you notice a child swallowing a lot post op tonsillectomy?
Bleeding
What is VIRAL rhinitis?
Common cold, coryza
Treat symptomatically
What can pleural effusion lead to?
Collapsed lung
What are some triggers for asthma attacks?
Education?
Complication?
Smoking, allergens, infections, sinusitis, exercise, stress, Meds (NSAIDS, BB)
Get rid of carpet and curtains, wash linens in hot water, avoid triggers, take meds, do not take only rescue inhaler every day.
STATUS ASTHMATICUS
What is bronchiectasis?
What is it usually secondary to?
Dilation of main large bronchi
CF, asthma, TB
Why do we not give dairy products after a tonsillectomy?
Initially will soothe throat but causes patient to cough and clear throat messing up suture lines
Differentiate allergic rhinitis from viral rhinitis.
Allergic: seasonal, allergic response, congestion, clear discharge, sneezing, itchy eyes, tx with antihistamines
Viral: nasal discharge, irritable, sore throat, generalized discomfort, spread by sneezing, coughing, direct contact...HAND Washing. Tx symptoms. No cure. watch for complications
What is empyema?
Pus in pleural cavity. Tx with antibiotics
S/s of child with CF?
Thick sputum, frequently sick, malabsorption with fatty, foul stools
Salty skin, decreased sperm motility, thick cervical mucus
Death usually from antibiotic resistant infection
What kind of isolation do you put your RSV positive baby on?
Contact
What medication do we avoid postop nasoseptoplasty?
Aspirin (bleeding)
Symptoms of Croup syndromes
Crowing sound on inspiration
Barking, brassy cough
Circumoral pallor, cyanosis
Apprehension
Crackles, wheezing
Use of accessory muscles
Viral--autoimmune
Environmental/work exposure
Heredity
Idiopathic!
What causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia? How can we prevent it?
Caused by prolonged oxygen concentration above 40% by ventilator to newborns for long periods of time
Prevent by administering only the amount of oxygen needed to prevent hypoxia at the minimum ventilator settings; give steroids during preterm labor for lung development; surfactant w/i 15 mins of delivery in preterm
Who is at risk for pneumonia?
Very young, elderly
Hospitalized (insurance pay?)
Intubated (VAP protocol)
Immunocompromised
What are some therapeutic interventions for sinusitis?
Saline irrigation, intranasal steroids, decongestants (Afrin.....), Hot packs, Tylenol, ibuprofen, humidification, fluids, antibiotics, surgery??
Epiglottitis can most be prevented by what?
HIB vaccine beginning at 2 months of age
What can we do to prevent atelectasis?
TCDB
Incentive spirometer
How can we prevent SIDS?
"Back to sleep"
Place infant on back when going to sleep
High risk infants sent home with apnea monitor
Teach parents CPR
Classic s/s of TB?
Blood tinged sputum & Night sweats
Cough, anorexia, wt loss
Low fever
Dyspnea, chest pain (late)