Ch. 21
This is a highly contagious acute viral infection. Adults are contagious from 24 hr before manifestations develop and up to 5 days after they begin.
What is influenza?
This is an inflammatory process in the lungs that produces excess fluid and is triggered by infectious organisms or by the aspiration of an irritant (fluid or a foreign object).
What is Pneumonia?
COPD encompasses two diseases ______ and ____.
What is emphysema and chronic bronchitis?
This must be worn when in contact with TB
A N95 HEPA filter or powered air purifying respirator?
this can be associated with a deviated nasal septum, nasal polyps, inhaled air pollutants or cocaine, facial trauma, dental infections or loss of immune function.
What is Sinusitis?
This is a contributing factor in the development of pneumonia.
What is immobility?
this is characterized by the loss of lung elasticity and hyperinflation of lung tissue causing destruction of the alveoli, leading to a decreased surface area for gas exchange, carbon dioxide retention and respiratory acidosis.
What is emphysema?
Quantiferon-TB gold and _________ are blood tests that detect release of interferon-gamma in fresh heparinized whole blood from sensitized people, results are available within 24 - 36 hours.
What is T-spot?
The common cold (coryza) is caused by viruses spread from the person to person in droplets from sneezing and coughing or by direct contact
What is viral Rhinitis?
These are given to reduce bronchospasms and reduce irritation.
What are bronchodilators?
This is seen with emphysema and is an increased chest diameter
What is barrel chest?
The risk of transmission of TB decreases after ____________ of antitubercular therapy.
What is 2 - 3 weeks?
Montelukast M is an example of a _________ that is used for Rhinitis.
What is leukotriene inhibitor?
This pneumonia is when the condition manifests greater than 48 hours after a client is intubated.
What is ventilator associated pneumonia?
These are expected findings in COP are found in late stages of the disease.
What is clubbing of fingers and toes, pallor and cyanosis of nail beds and mucous membranes?
The acid-fast bacilli smear and culture requires the nurse to obtain these samples.
What is three early-morning sputum samples?
This is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa and often the mucosa in the sinuses that can be caused by infection (viral or bacterial) or allergens
What is Rhinitis?
this is the most common type of pneumonia and often occurs as a complication of influenza.
What is Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?
This is used to monitor optimal lung expansion
What is incentive spirometry?
Individuals who have been exposed to TB but have not developed the disease can have _________.
What is latent TB?
Brompheniramine/pseudoephedrine are _____________ used for Rhinitis.
What are antihistamines?
This pneumonia has a higher mortality rate and is more likely to be resistant to ATB.
What is healthcare associated pneumonia?
Adverse effects include tachycardia, nausea and diarrhea in this methylxanthine medication
what is theophylline
These are expected finding of TB.
What is Allergic Rhinitis?
This cholinergic antagonists blocks the parasympathetic nervous system, allowing for increased bronchodilation and decreased pulmonary secretions.
What is Ipratropium?
This complication of COPD is when the air trapping, airway collapse, and stiff alveoli lead to increased pulmonary pressures. Blood flow through the lung tissue is difficult increasing the workload leading to enlaregment and thickening of the right atrium and ventricle.
What is right-sided heart failure (cor pulmonale)
This is an infectious disease that is transmitted though aerosolization.
What is Tuberculosis
If using Mast cell stabilizers, like cromolyn, in an older adult, the nurse should be aware of these adverse effects.
What is vertigo, hypertension, urinary retention?
this pneumonia is when the condition manifests greater than 48 hours after a hospital admission
What is hospital acquired pneumonia?
This test is used for diagnosis of COPD as well as determining the effectiveness of therapy
What is pulmonary function test?
an induration of ___________ on a Mantoux test indicates a positive test for clients who have known risk factors for TB.
What is 15mm or more?
this is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or more of the sinuses, usually the maxillary or frontal sinus.
What is Sinusitis?
This short-acting beta2 agonists provides rapid relief.
What is albuterol
This is an inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles due to chronic exposure to irritants
What is chronic bronchitis?
This lab test is the most rapid and accurate screening test for TB. it detects the presence of M.tuberculosis in respiratory secretions and can check for rifampin resistance.
What is Nucleic acid amplification testing?
Antiviral medications should be started within _________ after the onset of manifestations of influenza.
What is 24 to 48hr?
What are glucocorticosteroids?
A chest x-ray may reveal hyperinflation of alveoli and flattened diaphragm in the late stages of _______
what is emphysema
An induration of __________ is considered a positive test for clients who are at high risk (have HIV, had recent contact with someone who has TB, have positive chest x-ray, or immunosuppressed.)
What is 5mm?