Resp 1
What is a decongestant?
A mucolytic that must be given daily via nebulizer to thin secretions in patients with cystic fibrosis with a long action time
What is Dornase Alfa?
Laxatives that stimulate the nerves in the intestinal wall; avoid in pregnancy, acute GI disorders, CAD; may cause CNS effects, electrolyte imbalances; overuse can cause cathartic dependence; separate dose of other meds 30 mins-2 hrs.
What are chemical stimulants?
Slows motility of the GI tract to relieve diarrhea; avoid in pregnancy & lactation, those with a history of GI obstruction, diarrhea due to poison, hepatic impairment; may cause constipation, GI upset, toxic megacolon
What are antidiarrheals?
Bronchodilators; mimics effects of the sympathetic nervous system; dilates bronchi & improves rate & depth of respirations; fast acting & half-life <1 hr.; avoid in those with CV disease, arrhythmias, diabetes, hyperthyroid; may cause CNS stimulation, GI upset
What are sympathomimetics?
An antitussive that acts on the medulla to suppress cough reflex; metabolized in liver and excreted in urine; avoid in those who must cough to clear airways
What is Dextromethorphan?
Antiemetic with rapid onset & limited adverse effects; avoid in those with severe CNS depression, coma, severe hyper/hypotension, liver or kidney disfunction, pregnancy/lactation; may cause photosensitivity
What are phenothiazines?
Solutes that increase osmotic pull of fluids into the GI tract; lactulose should be avoided in DM, polyethylene glycol should be avoided in those with seizures; separate dose of other meds 30 mins-2 hrs.
What are osmotic laxatives?
An expectorant that thins & reduces surface tension of viscous mucous to improve drainage & cough production; acts rapidly & lasts 4-6 hrs.; may cause GI upset; HA, mild rash; prolonged use may mask reason for nonproductive cough
What is guaifenesin?
The only oral decongestant currently available for use; contraindicated in those with HTN, diabetes, thyroid & CAD; metabolizes in liver & excretes in urine; may cause anxiety, sweating, restlessness, arrhythmias, tremors
What is pseudoephedrine?
5-HT receptor blocker; treats nausea/vomiting with chemo & anesthesia; rapid absorption, peak in 1 hr; may cause CNS effects, hypotension, urinary retention
What is Ondansetron?
What are proton pump inhibitors?
Blocks agents that trigger asthmatic symptoms; do NOT treat acute attacks, but work best with daily use; may increase URI, abdominal pain, GI upset, elevated liver enzymes, generalized pain, fever, myalgia; has several drug-to-drug interactions
What are leukotriene receptor antagonists?
A mucolytic that liquifies mucous to decrease viscosity of secretions; protects liver cells during acetaminophen overdose; avoid with peptic ulcer, acute bronchospasms, and esophageal varices; may cause GI upset, rash, URI problems
What is acetylcysteine?
Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer; treats oral/esophageal ulcers from radiation & chemo; rapid absorption; inhibits pepsin & coats injured area of the GI system to prevent further trauma; may cause GI & CNS upset; aluminum toxicity can occur; may decrease effectiveness of some antibiotics
What is sucralfate?
What are digestive enzymes?
Blocks histamines that inflame and narrow airways; improves symptoms in 1-3 hrs.; avoid in pregnancy/lactation, those with arrhythmias & prolonged QT intervals; may prolong anticholinergic effects when taken with MAOI's
What are antihistamines?
Smooth muscle relaxants that improve airway constriction; oral: rapid action & peaks in 2 hrs.; IV: peaks in minutes; metabolizes in liver & excretes in urine; avoid in those with GI, renal, hepatic disease, CAD, alcoholism, hyperthyroidism, smoking
What are xanthines?
Stimulates parasympathetic activity in GI tract; treats nausea/vomiting with chemo & anesthesia; may improve lactation; peaks 60-90 minutes; metabolized in liver, excreted in urine; decreases absorption of digoxin, increases toxicity of cyclosporine
What is Metoclopramide?
Treatment for GERD & ulcers; inhibits gastric acid & reduces pepsin output; metabolized in liver & excreted in urine; 1/2 life of 2 hrs.; may cause GI upset, CNS effects, arrhythmias, hypotension; slows metabolism of several drugs with potentially toxic results
What are H2 antagonists?