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Oxygen
Anatomy
Respiratory Problems
Respiratory Medications
Nursing Diagnosis
100
increases survival, improves exercise capacity and mental status in hypoxemic patients
What is Oxygen Therapy?
100
Includes nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea
What is the upper respiratory tract?
100
Can be caused by low humidity, allergies, upper respiratory tract infections, sinusitis, trauma, foreign bodies, hypertension, chemical irritants, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, and tumors
What is Epistaxis?
100
Antihistamine, decongestant, antitussive, and expectorant are commonly prescribed for these
What are medications used to treat upper respiratory infections?
100
Absent cough, rhonchi, wheezes, difficulty vocalizing, diminished breath sounds, excessive tenacious sputum, restlessness
What is ineffective airway clearance?
200
To keep the SaO2 > 90% during rest, sleep, and exertion
What are the goals for Oxygen Therapy?
200
lipoprotein that lowers the surface tension in the alveoli
What is "Super" Surfactant?
200
Can be caused by allergic reactions, edema and inflammation caused by infections or burns, food or a foreign body, peritonsillar or retropharyngeal abscesses, malignancy, laryngeal or tracheal stenosis, and trauma
What is Airway Obstruction?
200
Metered dose inhaler, dry powder inhaler, spacer/holding chamber, nebulizer
What are inhalation delivery devices?
200
Head of bed up 30-45 degrees, allow patient to maintain tripod position or lean over the bedside table
What are positions for maximal lung expansion?
300
Nasal Cannula, Simple Face Mask, Partial and Non-Rebreather Masks, Oxygen-Conserving cannula
What are the low-flow oxygen delivery devices?
300
Consists of bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
What is the lower respiratory tract?
300
abdominal or thoracic surgery, age > 65, air pollution, altered consciousness, bedrest and prolonged immobility, chronic diseases, debilitating illness, exposure to bats, birds, rabbits, or farm animals, immunosuppressive disease, inhalation or aspiration of noxious substances, gastric or intestinal feedings via NG or Dobbhoff tube, IV drug use, malnutrition, recent antibiotic therapy, resident of long term care facility, smoking, tracheal intubation, Upper respiratory tract infection
What are risk factors for Pneumonia?
300
Palpitations, tachycardia, increased B/P, cough, dry throat, chest tightness, nausea and vomiting, GI distress, headache, insomnia, tremor, dizziness, vertigo nervousness, hyperactivity
What are some serious adverse effects of asthma and COPD medications?
300
Patient will demonstrate ability to perform pursed-lip breathing and controlled breathing Demonstrate a breathing pattern that supports patient's normal parameters (SaO2 90%, respiratory rate 18)
What are goals for ineffective breathing pattern?
400
This may result from prolonged exposure to high levels of oxygen
What is oxygen toxicity?
400
Blood circulation that provides the lungs with the blood supply that participates in gas exchange
What is the pulmonary circulation?
400
preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is slowly progressive
What is COPD?
400
Functional class: Bronchodilator Chemical class: Xanthine Relaxes smooth muscle of respiratory system
What is aminophylline (theophylline ethylenediamine)?
400
Increased work of breathing with movement to bedside commode Decreased SaO2 to 88% when ambulating in room with oxygen Audible wheezes when standing at bedside awaiting positioning in chair
What is activity intolerance?
500
Assess need for and adjust oxygen flow rate Evaluate response to oxygen therapy Monitor patient for adverse signs of oxygen therapy In many cases, choose the optimal oxygen delivery system Teach patient and caregivers about home oxygen use
What is the role of the registered nurse related to oxygen therapy?
500
Chest cavity is lined with this membrane and the lungs are lined with this membrane
What is the parietal pleura and visceral pleura?
500
Characterized by permanent and abnormal dilation of medium-sized bronchi that is a result of inflammatory changes that destroy elastic and muscular structures supporting the bronchial wall
What is bronchiectasis?
500
Functional class: bronchodilator Chemical class: catecholamine Therapeutic outcome: vasoconstrictor, cardiac stimulator, bronchodilator
What is Epinephrine?
500
Abnormal breathing with increased rate and irregular rhythm Skin color to dusky, pale Eyes closing continuously with tactile stimuli required Diaphoresis Tachycardia Restlessness Nasal Flaring
What is Impaired Gas Exchange? Call the Rapid Response Team!