Pneumonia
Two vaccines that help prevent pneumonia.
What are the pneumococcal and influenza vaccines?
TB spreads through this route.
What is the airborne route?
Two major diseases included under the COPD umbrella.
What are emphysema and chronic bronchitis?
Common modifiable risk factor for OSA.
What is obesity?
short-acting beta agonist (SABA) is considered a rescue inhaler for acute bronchospasm.
What is albuterol?
One nursing priority before giving the first dose of antibiotics.
What is obtaining blood cultures?
The classic symptom of TB that differentiates it from other respiratory infections.
What is a persistent cough lasting more than three weeks?
The expected oxygen saturation range for a COPD patient receiving oxygen.
What is 88–92%?
The primary nonsurgical treatment for moderate-to-severe OSA.
What is CPAP therapy?
The emergency symptom of COVID-19 that requires immediate intervention.
What is difficulty breathing (respiratory distress)?
Two interventions that improve oxygenation and secretion clearance.
What are hydration and deep breathing/coughing exercises?
TB patients must avoid this substance because of hepatotoxicity.
What is alcohol?
This breathing technique helps prevent airway collapse and promote gas exchange.
What is pursed-lip breathing?
The difference between CPAP and BiPAP
CPAP delivers one constant pressure; BiPAP provides two pressures for inhalation/exhalation.
A nursing consideration before giving an inhaled corticosteroid.
What is administering a bronchodilator first to open airways?
Diagnostic tests used for Pneumonia?
What are Chest x-ray, sputum C&S, blood culture, pulse oximetry?
Patients taking rifampin for tuberculosis should be warned that it can cause this harmless but alarming side effect.
What is red-orange discoloration of body fluids (urine, sweat, saliva, tears)?
A late sign of COPD caused by right-sided heart failure.
What is cor pulmonale?
A surgical option for OSA when nonsurgical methods fail.
What is tonsillectomy, uvulectomy, or adenoidectomy?
Patients should rinse their mouth after using this class of medication to prevent oral thrush.
What are inhaled corticosteroids (e.g., fluticasone, budesonide)?
Pathophysiology of Pneumonia?
Infection → alveoli fill with fluid or pus → impaired gas exchange
Pathophysiology of TB?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects lungs; airborne spread
Pathophysiology of COPD
Chronic airflow limitation; alveolar damage & mucus hypersecretion
Pathophysiology of OSA?
Repeated airway collapse during sleep → hypoxia, hypercapnia
This oral medication for COPD decreases inflammation and mucus but may cause depression and weight loss.
What is roflumilast (Daliresp)?