Respiratory structure
The ratio of __________ depends on the __________ of the organism.
- Total surface area to volume (TSA/V)
- Size
The breathing system of insects is called __________.
Tracheal system
Name the respiratory structure of fish.
Gills
Skin
State the human respiratory structure.
Alveolus
Why Amoeba sp. do not need a special respiratory structure?
- Has large total surface area to volume ratio for gaseous exchange.
State 2 locations of spiracles.
Thorax and abdomen
__________ takes place when the fish swims by opening and closing its operculum.
Ventilation
State 2 respiratory structures of adult frog.
Skin and lungs
Diaphragm, ribcage and intercostal muscles
What is the definition of respiratory structure?
The respiratory surface that enables gaseous exchange to occur between respiring organism cells and their outer environment.
State 3 adaptations of respiratory structure in insects.
- Large number of tracheoles (provides large total of surface area for gaseous exchange)
- Tracheole wall is thin
- Tracheole wall is moist
What are the characteristics of filament that enable rapid exchange of gases?
- Has many thin & flat projections called lamella
- Lamella membrane is thin
- Has many blood capillaries (for easy absorption)
What happens to buccopharyngeal cavity when its floor is lowered?
- Low air pressure in the mouth draws air (filled with air)
What are the adaptations of alveolus?
- Alveolus wall is moist
- Alveolus has large network of blood capillaries
- Thin alveolus wall (one cell thick)
State 4 adaptations of respiratory structures in big organisms.
- Thin respiratory structure (one cell thick)
- Moist
- Rich with network of blood capillaries
Explain the breathing mechanism of insects during inhalation.
- Abdominal muscles will relax
- This will reduce the air pressure in the trachea
- Air enters the trachea through spiracle
Explain the exhalation process in fish.
- When mouth close, the floor of buccal cavity id raised.
- Water enters through gill lamella & gaseous exchange between blood & H2O occurs through diffusion.
- Operculum muscle relaxes
- The volume of the buccal cavity is reduced & pressure in the buccal cavity becomes higher than pressure outside.
Explain the exhalation process in frog.
- Lungs contract, air expelled from the lungs.
- This is helped by the abdominal pressure and the elasticity of the lungs.
- Some air is expelled through nostrils while the rest is mixed with the air in the buccopharyngeal cavity.
Explain the inhalation process in human?
(Refer textbook page 134)