definitions of symptoms
a rough, raspy, weak‑sounding voice caused by irritation or swelling of the vocal cords.
Husky, hoarse voice
a blocked or stuffy nose caused by swollen nasal tissues and excess mucus.
Congested nose
a chronic condition where the airways become inflamed and narrow, causing wheezing, coughing, and difficulty breathing, often triggered by allergens or exercise.
Asthma
a mild viral infection of the upper airways causing sneezing, runny nose, sore throat, and general discomfort.
Common cold —
congested nose
Common cold
swelling and rounding of the fingertips and nails due to long‑term low oxygen levels in the blood.
Finger clubbing
a slightly raised body temperature, usually between 37.5°C and 38°C, indicating early or mild infection.
Mild fever
inflammation of the voice box (larynx), usually causing hoarseness, a weak voice, and throat irritation.
Laryngitis —
illnesses affecting the nose, throat, and sinuses, such as colds, sinusitis, and pharyngitis.
Upper respiratory tract disease
haemoptysis
Tuberculosis
sudden tightening of the muscles around the airways, making breathing difficult.
Bronchospasm
a thick, slippery fluid produced by the respiratory tract to trap dust, germs, and irritants.
Mucus —
a chronic lung disease in which the air sacs (alveoli) are damaged, making it difficult to breathe out and causing long‑term shortness of breath.
Emphysema
— a cancerous growth in the lung that can spread to other parts of the body and often causes persistent cough, chest pain, and blood‑streaked sputum.
Malignant lung tumour —
husky, hoarse voice
Laryngitis
a rounded, enlarged chest shape caused by long‑term over‑inflation of the lungs, often seen in emphysema.
barrel chest
mucus from the lungs that contains thin lines or spots of blood.
Blood‑streaked sputum
a genetic disorder that causes very thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive system, leading to infections and breathing problems.
Cystic fibrosis
— a genetic disease causing thick mucus, lung infections, and digestive problems.
Cystic fibrosis
barrel chest
Emphysema
coughing up blood from the lungs or airways.
Haemoptysis
a vague feeling of being unwell, tired, or lacking energy.
General malaise —
a bacterial infection (usually of the lungs) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leading to cough, fever, weight loss, and sometimes coughing up blood.
Tuberculosis
— inflammation of the throat (pharynx), leading to sore throat, pain when swallowing, and sometimes fever.
Pharyngitis —
finger clubbing
Cystic fibrosis