Function
There are how many functions of the respiratory system?
Four (4)
What is the proper term for the 'voice box'?
Larynx
Gaseous exchange involves which two gases?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Give the proper names for the two movements involved in breathing.
Inspiration
Expiration
How many litres is the average resting lung volume?
3 Litres
List any TWO functions of the respiratory system
TWO (2) of the following:
- Deliver oxygen to the lungs
- Gas exchange in the lungs
- Create speech
- Facilitate our sense of smell
The lungs look like a tree when they are dissected. Name the 3 parts associated with:
1. The tree trunk
2. The branches
3. The leaves
1. Bronchi
2. Bronchioles
3. Alveoli
Where does gaseous exchange occur?
Alveoli
What type of muscle is the diaphragm?
Smooth muscle
Define "residual volume".
The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a forced maximum expiration.
Name the 3 sections of the respiratory system
- Air passages
- Lungs
- Diaphragm
The pharynx splits into two structures.
1. What are the two structures called?
2. Which one is part of the respiratory system?
1. Oesophagus & Trachea
2. Trachea
What is the name of the gaseous exchange process?
Diffusion
What happens when the diaphragm contracts (flattens & pulls down)?
We breathe in (inspire/inhale)
Define "total lung capacity".
The amount of air in the lungs following a maximum inspiration.
Where can 'cilia' be found and what are their function?
Nasal cavity.
Fine hairs that filter dust and other small particles from the air we inhale.
Which 4 structures of the air passage are NOT contained within the lungs?
Trachea, Larynx, Pharynx, Nasal Cavity
Using the terms 'high pressure' and 'low pressure' identify the concentration of oxygen in the blood and alveoli when we breathe in.
Alveoli- high pressure
Blood- low pressure
Describe 2 things that must happen to the body for us to be able to inhale.
1. Diaphragm contracts & flattens
2. Intercostal muscles contract to move ribs upwards & outwards
3. Chest cavity expands
Define "vital capacity"
The greatest amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiration.
What is the function of the 'epiglottis'?
Small flap at the top of the larynx that prevents food entering and passing into the lungs.
As air enters the body it follows a specific pathway. Put the following structures in the correct order:
Bronchi; Nasal Cavity; Alevoli; Larynx; Trachea; Bronchioles; Pharynx
1. Nasal Cavity
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Bronchi
6. Bronchioles
7. Alveoli
With reference to the PRESSURE of the gases, explain the structures oxygen and carbon dioxide move through during gaseous exchange.
1. Gases move from an area of HIGH TO LOW pressure.
2. Oxygen moves from the ALVEOLI to the BLOOD.
3. Carbon dioxide moves from the BLOOD to the ALVEOLI.
Explain what must happen in the body for us to exhale (4 steps).
1. Chest cavity returns to resting size & shape
2. Diaphragm relaxes and domes
3. Intercostal muscles contract to lower rib cage
4. Pressure in chest cavity increases and air is forced out of the lungs
If someone's vital capacity is 4L, and their residual volume is 1L, what is their total lung capacity?
5 litres
(Total lung capacity = vital capacity + residual volume)