Anatomical Support Structures
What are the parts of the Vertebral column? (Britney Cruz)
7 Cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral vertebrae compose sacrum (pelvic region) (fused)
5 fused vertebrae compose coccyx (pelvic region) (fused)
What are the subdivisions of the respiratory system? (Britney Cruz)
The pulmonary apparatus and the chest wall
Is there a definitive number of muscles in the respiratory system? (Gaby Garrastacho)
No
What part of the brain controls "automatic breathing"? (Melissa Marrero)
Tidal breathing is controlled by the medulla
When are inspirations most likely to occur during speech? (Karla Garcia)
At linguistic structural boundaries such as sentence, clause and phrase boundaries.
What are the parts of the sternum? (Britney Cruz)
Xiphoid process, body of the sternum, and manubrium
What are the parts of the pulmonary apparatus? (Britney Cruz)
Lungs and airways
What is the primary muscle of respiration? (Gaby Garrastacho)
The diaphragm.
What is the volume/pressure relationship during one cycle of respiration? (Melissa Marrero)
Inspiration: Volume in lungs increases and pressure decreases
Expiration: Volume in lungs decreases and pressure increases
During speech, inspiratory movements are quicker while expiratory movements are slower. True or False? (Karla Garcia)
True.
How many ribs are there? specify different types. (Britney Cruz)
7 true ribs
3 false ribs
2 floating ribs
What are the parts of the chest wall? (Britney Cruz)
Rib cage wall, diaphragm, abdominal wall, and abdominal content
How do abdominal muscles assist with active expiration? (Gaby Garrastacho)
The abdominal muscles assist with active expiration by contracting to push the diaphragm upward. This reduces thoracic cavity volume and forcing air out of the lungs.
What volumes compose Total Lung Capacity (TLC)? (Melissa Marrero)
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV), Tidal Volume (TV), Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV), and Residual Volume (RV)
What are the two strategies to produce less speech per breath group when speaking under high drive? (Karla Garcia)
1. To blow off air
2. Produce a breathy speech
What are the divisions of the spinal column? (Britney Cruz)
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, pelvic
What is the path of oxygen to our bloodstream? (Melissa Marrero)
Environment - Nasal Cavity - Pharynx - Larynx - Trachea - Bronchi - Bronchioles - Alveoli - Bloodstream
What muscles are involved in expanding the ribcage during deep breathing? (Gaby Garrastacho)
External intercostal muscles, diaphragm, and accessory muscles.
What is the role of pleural linkage? (Melissa Marrero)
Allows the lungs and chest wall to move as one without friction when the negative pressure caused by the chest expanding during inhalation
What happens when speech production encroaches upon the expiratory reserve volume? (Karla Garcia)
Expiratory muscular pressure must be exerted against a negative (inspiratory) relaxation pressure.
How do the intercostal muscles assist with respiration? (Gaby Garrastacho)
The intercostal muscles assist with respiration by moving the ribcage.
What is the significance of the trachea in connecting the pulmonary apparatus to the outside air? (Gaby Garrastacho)
The trachea provides a flexible airway that connects the lungs to the outside environment. This allows the passage of air during breathing while filtering and humidifying it.
Muscle described as a ribbon-like structure located on the front of the lower rib cage wall and abdominal wall just off the midline (Karla Garcia)
The Rectus Abdominis
How does body position affect speech? (Melissa Marrero)
Speech may be produced at different lung volumes due to the force of gravity acting on the abdomen
How long do silent pauses last? (Karla Garcia)
Silent pauses last from 200 to 250 milliseconds and are believed to reflect the time it takes to formulate the upcoming spoken message.