DAY 1
organs of the respiratory system
what is nose, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs?
______ changes lead to ______ changes, which lead to the flow of gases to _______ the pressure
what is VOLUME, PRESSURE, EQUALIZE?
The four events of respiration and their description
What is pulmonary ventilation (moving air in and out of lungs) external ventilation (exchange of CO2 & O2 at lung level) respiratory gas transport (O2 & CO2 must be transported to and from lungs & cells via bloodstream) and internal respiration (gas exchange between blood & cells)?
inadequate oxygen delivery to body tissues
what is hypoxia?
controls rate of breathing, general and more specific.
what is medulla, conscious control, emotional factors, and chemical factors?
rhinitis vs sinusitis
what is inflammation of nasal mucosa and sinus inflammation?
The respiratory membrane (what is exchanged, where and how)
What is exchange of gases O2 and CO2 between air and blood, air gives O2 to blood and blood gives CO2 to air, passively
inspiration
What is air flowing into the lungs, diaphram and internal intercostals contract so vulume increases pressure decreases
the actual exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood
what is external respiration?
more vigorous breathing, the rate of breathing is similar
what is hyperpnea?
structure that covers the larynx when swallowing food/water and guides it towards esophagus
What is epiglottis?
Coats the gas-exposed alveolar surfaces and is very important in lung function
What is surfactant?
Expiration
what is in healthy people is largely a passive process that depends more on the natural elasticity of the lungs than on muscle contraction?
the gas exchange process that occurs between the systemic capillaries and the tissue cells.
what is internal respiration?
when there is an increase of _____ in the blood, it becomes acidic, when there is decrease of _____ in the blood, it becomes basic. more _____ leads to a _____ pH and less _____ leads to a ______ pH.
what is CO2/H+, CO2/H+, H+ LOWER, H+ HIGHER?
Importance of cilia and how it can be damaged
What is create a gentle current that moves the sheet of contaminated mucus propelling toward throat, can be damaged by smoking?
Allows the lungs to glide easily over the thorax wall during breathing movements and causes the two pleural layers to cling together
occurs when air enters the pleural space through a chest wound, but it may also result from a rupture of the visceral pleura
what is atelectasis?
red blood cells is where____
what is the enzymatic conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ion actually occurs?
what chronic bronchitis and emphysema have in common
what is patients almost always have a history of smoking, dyspnea (difficult or labored breathing), coughing and frequent pulmonary infections are common, most COPD victims are hypoxic, retain carbon dioxide and have respiratory acidosis, and ultimately develop respiratory failure?
genetic defect of the palate and its effects
What is cleft palate and breathing, chewing, and speaking difficulties?
The purpose and structures of the conducting zone and the respiratory zone
what is serve as conduits to and from the respiratory zone & all other respiratory organs and the only site of gas exchange & alveoli?
respiratory volumes and capacities
what is Inspiratory reserve volume (amount you can breathe in), Tidal volume (normal breathing in and out of lungs), Expiratory reserve volume (air you can breathe out), Residual volume (the air your lungs keep, same volume of air)?
carbon monoxide poisoning happens because_____
what is it outcompetes oxygen molecules for binding site on hemoglobin?
bronchioles narrow and the airway becomes obstructed. hypersensitivity to a variety of things.
what is asthma?