Structures
What structure traps pathogens that enter the respiratory tract, preventing them from entering the lungs?
the mucous blanket
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Diffusion of gases
What is internal respiration?
the exchange of gases at the cellular level
What is the name of carbon dioxide that is attached to hemoglobin?
carbaminohemoglobin
What is another name for a normal breathing pattern?
eupnea
What structure moves pathogens upward as they try to enter the respiratory system?
ciliary escalator
What is the secondary function of the respiratory system?
Remove acids from the body
What is the name of the passageway that connects the mouth and the lungs?
trachea
What is the name of oxygen that is attached to hemoglobin?
oxyhemoglobin
What is another name for a temporary absence of breathing?
apnea
alveoli
What is the function of the phrenic nerve?
to initiate movement of the diaphragm
Which lungs is more likely to be involved in aspiration pneumonia?
right
What is the name of carbon dioxide free flowing in plasma?
carbonic acid
What is another name for labored breathing?
dyspnea
What structure is the most responsible for the process of breathing?
diaphragm
What is the function of the upper airway in the respiratory process?
warm, filter, and humidify oxygen as it enters the body
What is the name of the process that moves gases in and out of the lungs?
What do the blood buffers use to neutralize carbonic acid when a person is acidotic?
bicarbonate
What is another name for absence of breathing?
respiratory arrest
What structures determine the acid/base level of plasma?
chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies
What has the function of transporting gases throughout the body?
blood
What minimizes the risk of stickiness of the watery mucus lining of the alveoli?
surfactant
What chemical is used to dissociate hydrogen (H) and bicarbonate (HCO3) when they are in the form of carbonic acid (H2CO3)?
Carbonic anhydrase (CA)
What is another name for alternating apnea and hyperventilation?
Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR)