Anatomy & Structure
This structure is also called the “voice box” and contains the vocal cords.
larynx
What is the first structure air passes through when entering the respiratory system?
nasal cavity
What two gases are exchanged in the alveoli?
Oxygen & Carbon dioxide
The active phase of ventilation is called ______.
inspiration
This condition is often caused by anxiety or stress and involves breathing faster than necessary for proper gas exchange.
hyperventilation
These tiny sacs in the lungs are the site of gas exchange.
alveoli
After the trachea, air moves into these two main branches.
bronchi
Gas crosses the respiratory membrane by this process.
diffusion
Which muscles contract during inspiration?
diaphragm and intercostals
A forceful blow to the ribcage that bruises intercostal muscles is called what?
rib contusion
The flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.
epiglottis
Put these in order: bronchioles, alveoli, trachea, bronchi.
Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli
What substance in alveoli prevents lung collapse?
surfactant
What happens to thoracic cavity pressure during inhalation?
decreases
What is the main symptom of a rib fracture that distinguishes it from a rib contusion?
crepitus (grating of bones)
Name the three regions of the pharynx.
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
What structure separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?
palate
During external respiration, oxygen moves from ______ to ______.
alveoli to blood
Forced expiration primarily uses these muscles.
internal intercostals
A bruise on the lung caused by a direct blow is known as what?
pulmonary contusion
What is the function of the sinuses?
make skull light, serve as resonance chambers for speech, produce mucus
Which bronchus is wider, shorter, and straighter?
Right bronchus
What is the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood stream post cellular respiration?
low O2, high CO2
Normal adult breathing rate per minute.
12-20 breaths/min
What is the treatment for hyperventilation?
Help athlete relax and regulate breathing