Terms of respiration
What is ventilation?
Breathing in and out, moving air to and from the lungs
What is the diaphragm?
It is a primary muscle that separates the thorax and abdomen and helps with breathing.
What is respiration?
It is the exchanges of gasses within the lungs
This is the lower respiratory tract pathway air follows after the upper airway: starting with the trachea and ending where gas exchange happens.
What are the trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli?
In a closed system, like when the larynx/upper airway is closed, this law explains why volume and alveolar pressure move in opposite directions, double volume → half pressure.
What is Boyle's law?
What are the internal intercostal muscles responsible for?
During forced expiration, it depresses (lower) the ribs, decreasing the thoracic cavity and pushing air out of the lungs. They are important for controlled expiration in speech.
This is the volume of air you breathe in or out during a normal, quiet breathing cycle.
What is tidal volume?
Compared with resting breathing, running speech breathing has a faster inspiration and a slower expiration, partly because speech sounds “valve” airflow in the upper airway.
What is the pattern of speech breathing (quick inhale, prolonged controlled exhale)?
When this muscle contracts, its dome flattens and moves downward, increasing the thoracic cavity’s vertical dimension and lowering intrapulmonary pressure so air flows in.
What is the diaphragm?
What is speech breathing and how is it influenced?
It is 10% inhalation and 90% exhalation, it is an adaptation for a means to communicate. The longer exhalation allows for control to power speech. Speech breathing can be influence by body positions because gravity can affect the relaxation pressure, resting level and the mechanical advantages of the chest wall.
What are the alveoli?
It is located in the lower respiratory tract, they are small sacs of air and this is where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
What is decreased intrapulmonary pressure?
It is when there is a drop in air pressure within the lungs. In essence this pressure change allows for air to flow into the lungs, INHALATION.
These primary inspiratory muscles sit between the ribs; when they contract, they elevate the rib cage, expand thoracic volume, and help draw air in (especially useful for speech breathing).
What are the external intercostal muscles?
Speech breathing flips the timing compared with life breathing: only about this much time is spent inhaling, and the rest is controlled exhalation to power speech.
What is 10% inhalation and 90% exhalation?
What is intercostal and abdominal muscles and their function?
There are external, internal, and innermost intercostal muscles.
The abdominal muscles consist of the rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis, and obliques.
These muscles work together to control expiration by stabilizing the rib cage and regulating lung volume.
During conversational (running) speech, the target alveolar pressure for a breath group averages around this value, so muscular pressure must be added to relaxation pressure.
What is about 8 cmH₂O?