Assessment
This lung sound is caused by air passing through fluid-filled alveoli and is commonly heard in heart failure.
Crackles
What is the normal HCO3 value?
~22-26
What condition has fluid buildup in the lungs?
Pulmonary Edema
What does continuous bubbling in the water chamber of the chest tube indicate?
An air leak
This is a short acting beta-agonist and is considered a rescue medication for acute bronchospasm
Albuterol
The retention of what explains why hypoventilation leads to respiratory acidosis?
CO2 retention
An ABG with pH 7.31, PaCO₂ 52 mmHg, and HCO₃⁻ 26 mEq/L indicates this acid–base disorder
Uncompensated Respiratory Acidosis
A person with this form of TB has no symptoms and is not contagious
Latent TB
What finding in a patient would show effective oxygen therapy?
Improved mental status
This medication class reduces airway inflammation and should be used daily
Inhaled corticosteroids
What are some signs of acute respiratory distress?
severe SOB, labored breathing, tachycardia, cough, chest pain and cyanosis
A patient with severe emphysema has an ABG showing pH 7.36, PaCO₂ 58, HCO₃⁻ 32. This describes what type of compensation?
Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
A "blue bloater" is associated with:
Chronic Bronchitis
A ventilated patient suddenly becomes hypotensive with unilateral absent breath sounds. This life-threatening complication is suspected.
Pneumothorax (tension)
This medication reverses opioid-induced respiratory depression by competitively binding opioid receptors
Naloxone (Narcan)
This abnormal breathing pattern is characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid respirations
Cheyne-Strokes
An ABG shows pH 7.48, PaCO₂ 30 mmHg, HCO₃⁻ 23 mEq/L. This acid–base imbalance is most likely caused by this condition.
Respiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation
A patient with asthma suddenly has diminished wheezing, increasing dyspnea, and falling SpO₂. This finding is most concerning for this complication.
Respiratory Failure
Which oxygen device requires humidification?
Nasal cannula
This adverse effect is most important to monitor in a patient receiving high-dose systemic corticosteroids
Hyperglycemia
A patient with severe emphysema presents with prolonged expiration and pursed-lip breathing. This technique improves gas exchange by doing what?
Increasing CO2 elimination
This ABG change would be expected in a child experiencing acute airway obstruction.
Elevated PaCO2
A patient with pneumonia suddenly becomes confused, hypotensive, and tachycardic. Which complication should be suspected?
Sepsis
What does a D-dimer test for?
Pulmonary Embolism
A nurse should closely monitor for this electrolyte imbalance in a patient receiving frequent albuterol treatments
Hypokalemia