Basics of the Respiratory System
The process of moving air in and out of the lungs.
Ventilation or Breathing
This is the main entry point for air that filters, warms, and humidifies air.
Nose
This is commonly known as the “voice box” and it is involved in breathing and sound production.
Larynx
The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide move across membranes.
Diffusion
This law states that pressure is inversely related to volume.
Boyle’s Law
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
Hemoglobin
Inflammation of bronchial tubes causing mucus buildup. Can be either an acute or chronic condition.
Bronchitis
The two main divisions are the upper and _______ systems.
lower respiratory
This structure divides the nasal cavity into left and right sides.
Nasal septum
The cartilage that prevents food from entering the airway.
Epiglottis
The structure where gas exchange occurs between air and blood.
Respiratory membrane or alveoli
The main muscle responsible for inhalation.
Diaphragm
This is when there are low oxygen levels in tissues.
Hypoxia
Chronic condition causing airway inflammation, swelling, wheezing and coughing. Often triggered by allergies, smoke or infections.
Asthma
True or False: The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange, regulates blood pH and enables vocalization
True
What are the three regions of the pharynx.
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx
This tube is supported by C-shaped cartilages that carries air to the bronchi.
Trachea
The type of respiration where oxygen enters blood in the lungs.
External respiration
Utilizing Henry’s Law – is Carbon Dioxide more or less soluble in plasma than Oxygen?
More (About 24xs more soluble in plasma)
Elevation of the rib cage and contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity. Pressure within the lungs ________ and air flows in.
Decreases
This typically happens due to injury of the chest wall, air enters the pleural cavity causing the lung to shrink in size.
Pneumothorax
This is the bony anterior two-thirds of the roof of the mouth, separating the oral and nasal cavities
Hard Palate
Passageways that create turbulence to trap particles in mucus.
Nasal Meatuses
The branching network of airways in the lungs starting from the trachea.
Bronchial Tree
A key aspect of respiration includes, passive diffusion. Within this process gasses move from _____ to ______ partial pressure.
High / Low
The law describing how gases dissolve based on pressure. The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure and solubility.
Henry’s Law
The external intercostal muscles, assist with inhalation contributing ________% of normal air movement
25%
A serious lung infection where alveoli fill with fluid or pus. Symptoms included cough, fever, and shortness of breath.
Pneumonia
These are specialized vascularized mucous membrane that line the nasal cavity, trachea and bronchial tree
Respiratory mucosa
The structure responsible for the sense of smell in the nasal cavity
Olfactory region
A distinct indentation on the anterior border of the superior lobe of the left lung
Cardiac Notch
This is an oily secretion that contains phospholipids and proteins that coats the alveolar surface and reduces surface tension
Surfactant
Each gas contributes to total pressure in proportion to its relative abundance. This applies to how oxygen and carbon dioxide move between the alveoli and blood based on pressure gradients.
Dalton’s Law
This involves active inhalation and exhalation that is assisted by accessory muscles
Forced Breathing
This is a form of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) that typically impacts indiviudals over 50 and the is primarily caused by smoking.
Emphysema