1
Which structure is commonly known as the windpipe?
Trachea
Smaller branches of the bronchi found inside the lungs.
Bronchioles
What gas is exhaled from the lungs?
Carbon dioxide
The voice box is commonly known as the ________.
Larynx
These air passages are located at the bottom of the trachea, where it divides. They lead into the lungs.
Bronchi
Which process involves moving air into the lungs?
Breathing
What are the tiny hairs that move back and forth along the trachea called?
Cilia
Tiny balloon-like sacs where gas exchange occurs in the lungs.
Alveoli
What is the name of the large muscle that contracts and relaxes to allow air into and out of the lungs?
Diaphragm
When there is a ............... pressure in the lungs, air will move into the lungs.
lower
What process allows gases to be exchanged between the alveoli and the blood?
diffusion
What is formed when oxygen molecules bind to haemoglobin?
oxyhaemoglobin
The opening of the trachea.
Pharynx
Which part of the gas exchange system contracts and relaxes to change the volume of the lungs?
intercostal muscle and diaphragm
Where does aerobic respiration occur in a cell?
mitochondria
Describe the path that air takes when it enters the body.
Nose/mouth --> trachea --> bronchus --> bronchiole --> alveolus
Describe the process of exhalation
1. intercostal muscles relax - rib move inwards and downwards
2. diaphragm relax - back to dome-shaped
3. volume of lungs decreases, pressure increases
4. air is drawn out of lungs
Describe the adaptations of alveoli for gas exchange
1) Many alveoli in the lungs - increase surface area
2) One cell thick walls - creates a short diffusion distance
3) Surrounded by a network of blood capillaries - maintain concentration gradient of gases
4) Moist surface - so gases can dissolve and diffuse across
word equation for aerobic respiration
oxygen + glucose --> carbon dioxide + water
What is the percentage of carbon dioxide in inhaled air?
0.04%