Structure
location of the visceral pleura of the lungs
what is surface of lung?
Function of the epiglottis
what is protecting the windpipe from gastric juices and preventing aspirating?
Alteration in blood pH that leads to a pH lower that 7.35
What is acidosis?
these are the two forms that oxygen is tranported in
What is bound to the HGB and dissolved in plasma?
Hypoxia is characterized by
What is cyanosis (blueness of the skin)?
3 different cells in the alveoli
what is squamous (type 1) alveolar cells, great (type 2) alveolar cells, and alveolar macrophages (dust cells)?
The loudness of a sound coming from the vocal is cords depends on...
what is the force of air passing between each vocal cord?
Carbon Dioxide has what effect on respiration
what is an indirect effect because it affects pH?
This is the amount of remaining O2 in the blood after it passes through the sytemic capillary beds
what is venous reserve?
These are the effects of COPD
what is reduced vital capacity, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, respiratory acidosis, and polycythemia?
Differences between the right and left lung
Right lung is shorter and has 3 lobes
Left lung is taller, has 2 lobes, and has a cardiac notch
3 functions of the pleurae
what is reduction of friction, creation of a pressure gradient, and compartmentalization to stop the spread of infection from one organ to another?
The corrective homeostatic response to acidosis
What is hyperventilation?
Equation for gas exchange in the alveolar cells
what is CO2+H2O <- H2CO3- + H+ ?
This is a result of pure O2 being breathed at 2.5 atm or greater
what is oxygen toxicity?
Location of the olfacotry epithelium
The trachea uses this function to remove debris
what is the mucociliary escalator?
Effect that enables the blood to transport more CO2 when there is a low level of oxyhemoglobin
What is Haldane Effect?
The two different ways that O2 is released in the systemic gas exchange
what is H+ ion binding to HGB to reduce the affinity for O2 and the drive to move down the pressure gradient?
This is severe inflammation of the lower respiratory tract and is characterized by a productive cough
what is chronic bronchitis?
Structures in the conducting zone
What is nostrils, major bronchioles, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles?
five main functions of the respiratory system
What is gas exchange, communication, olfaction, acid/base balance, and blood pressure regulation?
Four factors that adjust the rate of oxygen unloading to match the need and one follows the Bohr Effect
what is Ambient PO2, Temp., Ambient pH, and BPG; Ambient pH follows the Bohr Effect
The reason this odorless gas is so dangerous is because HGB has 210 times more affinity to it
what is CO? Carbon monoxide?
Long term obstruction of airflow and reduction in pulmonary ventilation are caused by
what is chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs)?