The 6Rs
What does the 2nd R stand for?
Remove
Define SALTAPS - Not what it stands for, what actually is it?
an assessment tool to evaluate the degree of seriousness of an acute injury. It will help decide if athlete can continue or if they need further medical intervention.
What does PRICE stand for?
Pressure, rest, ice, compression, elevation
Give 2 examples of intrinsic risk factors
Balance, core stability, movement efficiency, leg length, posture, age, history, training, nutrition, fitness, flexibility, strength
Give 2 example of extrinsic risk factors
poor technique, playing surfface, incorrect equipment, clothing, footwear, environment factors, safety hazards, other players, poor training programme
What are the 6Rs a test for?
Concussion
What does it stand for?
See, ask, look,touch, acive movement,passive movevement, strength
Define the term PRICE, what is it? why is it used?
the recommended response for managing acute soft tissue injuries during the first 24-72 hours.
define intrinsic risk factors
factors that affect the injury risk from inside the body related to how the athlete moves. e.g. individual variable and training effects
define extrinsic risk factors
factors that affect the injury risk from outside the body.
e.g. poor technique or training, incorrect kit or equipment.
Who is responsible for checking the 6Rs
Coach
Qualified medical practitioner
What is the difference between phases 5 and 6 of SALTAPS
Active is movement alone, passive is with another person
Explain what would happen during the 4th phase of Price
Compression -
use a compression to apply external force to the injured soft tissue to minimise swelling and provide support to the injured area.
Apply bandage to skin, starting a few centimetres below the injury and wrapping in a figure of 8 or spiral around the injury to a few centimetres above.
a medium amount of tension should be applied so the bandage is not too constrictive.
if numbness, tingling or colour change of the soft tissue occurs, loosen the bandage, as further swelling can occur after the bandage has been applied.
What is the term used for
an injury risk assessment and form of strength training that aims to prevent injuries before the actual occurrence.
prehabilitation
Define a warm up
activities performed before event: to prepare the body and mind for more strenuous exercise, to minimise the risk of sports injury and to optimise performance.
Explain the first 3 phases of the 6R process
1. Recognise -
•Learn the signs and symptoms of a concussion so you understand when an athlete might have a suspected concussion
2. Remove -
•If an athlete has a concussion or even a suspected concussion he or she must be removed from play immediately
3. Refer -
•Once removed from play, the player should be referred immediately to a qualified healthcare professional who is trained in evaluating and treating concussions.
Can you explain what happens in the 3rd phase of SALTAPS using examples
Look - Look at the area of pain, check for signs and symptoms of acute injury, compare left and right. swelling? Bruising? Deformities?
In addition to PRICE, what other methods are used to treat and promote injury ? and why
Pain relief - anti-inflammatory medicines
Light massaging - reduce fluid to help prevent and reduce swelling
Pick an intrinsic factor and explain how this could impact a 55 year old body builder
Age increases injury risk as bone tissue loses strength and as connective tissues suffer overuse, wear and tear they become more prone to injury
State how incorrect clothing and equipment can impact a Netballer
Equipment should match the age and fitness levels of the participants e.g a child should not be given full length Tennis racket because of the excessive forces that would act on connective tissues
A player is suspected to be suffering from concussion. Explain how a coach should respond to this injury to prevent the possibility of further injury to the player
-Recognise- the signs/symptoms of concussion
-Remove- player from the field immediately
-Refer- to a qualified professional for evaluation
-Rest- from exercise until symptom free
-Recover- full recovery needed before return to play
-Return- player must have written permission from qualified professional to play
Describe each phase of SALTAPS with examples of each, using a sporting example
See what happened
Ask what’s happened/where it hurts
Look for a swelling/deformity
Touch to assess pain/swelling
See if the player can move the limb on their own
Physio moves body part and checks response
Can player show strength needed to carry on playing at full pace
what is the term used for extreme cold treatment
Cryotherapy
Rugby Union players, like most sports performers, will aim to minimise the risk of injury during a game. Describe 3 intrinsic risk factors associated with contact sports such as Rugby Union
-Body Size/weight/height/BMI/age
-Individual skill level/previous playing experience/fitness
-Previous injury/lack of joint stability/poor flexibility
-Posture/alignment issues
-Poor preparation/nutrition/hydration/lack of sleep
-Lack of/ineffective warm up
Describe an effective cool own for a gymnast
Why? –
- To maintain heart rate, blood flow and metabolic activity to flush the muscle tissue with oxygenated blood
-This removes waste products and starts the healing process
How?
•20-30 mins
•Gradual decrease in intensity
Moderate intensity activity 45-55% of Vo2 max to maintain HR, venous return mechanisms and blood flow to remove waste products from muscle tissue
Stretching to reduce muscle tension, increase muscle relaxation and gradually lower the muscle temperature