Retina 4

Neuroglia

100

What are the two functions of neuroglia?

Structure, support, and protection

Neural tissue reaction to injury/infection

200

What cells span the entire thickness of retina, provide structure and support, fill in areas not taken up by neural cells, regulates conc. of K+ ions, maintains extracellular pH, metabolizes and stores glycogen?

Muller cells

300

What cells are wandering phagocytic cells whose numbers increase in response to injury and inflammation?

Microglia

400

What cells are found in inner retina and surround nerve fibers and retinal capillaries?

Astrocytes 

Ten retinal layers A

100

What layer is a single layer that phagocytizes sloughed discs from photoreceptors?

RPE

200

What layer contains rod and cones outer and inner segments?

Photoreceptor

300

What layer is not a true membrane, acts as metabolic barrier for large molecules, and is made of ZA between photoreceptors and muller cells?

External limiting membrane

400

What layer contains rod and cone cell bodies?

Outer nuclear layer

500

What layer contains inner fibers of photoreceptors, synapses of inner nuclear layer cells, and is the middle limiting membrane?

Outer plexiform layer

Ten retinal layers B

100

What layer contains cell bodies of: horizontal, amacrine, bipolar, interplexiform, muller, ganglion cells, and deep capillary network of retina?

Inner nuclear layer

200

What layer contains synapse between: bipolars and ganglions, amacrines and bipolars, amacrines and ganglions, amacrines, and amacrine and interplexiform neurons

Inner plexiform layer

300

What layer is make of ganglion cell bodies, has a single cell thickness, and may contain some displaced amacrine cells?

Ganglion cell layer

400

What layer contains axons of ganglion cells and retinal blood vessels?

Nerve fiber layer

500

What layer is a real membrane composed of extensive terminations of muller cells covered by a basement membrane, and has a retinal sheen?

Internal limiting membrane

Ten retinal layers C

100

What may prevent retinal exudates and hemorrhages from spreading to outer retinal layers?

Middle limiting membrane (outer plexiform layer)

200

Hemorrhages in the inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer are clinically referred to as what?

Dot-blots

300

How many cells thick is the ganglion cell layer a the temporal edge of the optic disc? At the fovea?

2 cells thick at optic disc

8-10 cells thick at fovea

400

Hemorrhages in nerve fiber layer are called what?

Flame-shaped

500

Reflection off internal limiting membrane when looking at the retina?

Retinal sheen

Receptive fields

100

Do more rods or cones synapse to a single ganglion cell?

Many rods, fewer cones

200

Do rods or cones have larger receptive fields?

Rods

300

What is the cone to ganglion cell ratio in the fovea?

1:1

400

What are rods most sensitive to?

Light and motion

500

What are cones most sensitive to?

Detail, shape, and contrast