A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words
Fundus autofluorescence is a useful tool to diagnose this optic nerve finding.
What are Optic Nerve head Drusen?
This is the technical term for a form of light therapy that utilizes non-ionizing red and near infrared light to produce a desired biological change.
What is Photobiomodulation?
This arcing yellow-white subretinal lesion concentric with the optic disc is always acquired.
What is a Choroidal Rupture?
This non-invasive image modality provides visualization of the microvasculature of the retina and the choroid.
What is OCT-A?
This retinal finding is considered a “birthmark” and commonly enlarges over time in children.
What is a CHRPE?
This condition classically presents with this visual complaint.
What is nyctalopia?
Components of this immune pathway are the targets of the geographic atrophy treatments Izervay and Syfovre.
What is the complement pathway?
This secondary vascular complication can occur many years after a choroidal rupture.
What is a choroidal neovascular membrane?
This OCT finding in GA is secondary to increased light transmission into the choroid where the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is attenuated or absent.
What is Hyper-transmission Defect
This diagnosis is one of the main causes of leukocoria in boys, presenting with leaky, aneurysmal retinal vasculature associated with massive exudation.
What is Coats Disease?
This diagnosis is typically associated with this inferior vitreous abnormality.
What is Pars Planitis?
Encelto, a surgically implanted device that houses genetically modified cells which release recombinant ciliary neurotrophic factor, is the first FDA approved treatment for this macular condition.
What is macular telangiectasia?
This diagnosis characterized by acquired disruption of the photoreceptors and RPE junction, is called Berlin’s edema when it involves the macula.
What is commotio retinae?
This biomarker on OCT is associated with an increased risk of progression to GA or WAMD.
What is RPE migration, reticular pseudodrusen, larger drusen/PED volume?
This OCT finding is associated with prematurity, albinism, achromatopsia, and may be observed with congenital nystagmus.
What is foveal hypoplasia?
A lesion at this location is classically associated with the visual field pictured:
What is the chiasm or pituitary gland?
This medication is currently the only dual action anti-VEGF treatment that targets anti-VEGF and Ang-2, which promote vascular destabilization including inflammation, leakage, and neovascularization.
What is faricimab (Vabysmo)?
Besides trauma, this can also be a risk factor for dislocated IOL.
What are history of intravitreal injections, history of prior retinal surgeries, connective tissue disorders, uveitis.
This inner retinal finding on OCT is classically seen in macular telangiectasia due to the loss of underlying tissue which creates structurally void spaces known as cavitations.
What is ILM draping?
Retinal capillary hemangiomas are associated with this syndromic condition that causes tumors in multiple organ systems including the brain, spinal cord, and kidneys.
What is Von Hippel-Lindau Disease?
This diagnosis typically presents in young healthy female patients and can be associated with a viral prodrome.
What is MEWDS?
This treatment strategy currently in clinical trials uses the patient’s own cells to secrete anti-VEGF molecules, decreasing injection burden.
What is gene therapy?
These two findings often occur simultaneously and are considered pathognomonic for blunt ocular trauma.
What are vitreous base avulsion and retinal dialysis?
This condition typically occurs in young female patients and presents with painless onset of para central scotomas.
What is Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy (AMN)?
This additional work up is required for young patients with the optic nerve condition pictured below:
What is neuro imaging?