A
Also called the "museum" view of language, words and meanings map onto "real world" objects
Referential View of Language
Language influences the ways that speakers perceive and think about the world
Linguistic relativity
The linguistic and non-linguistic ways that people create and perform hierarchical relationships in interaction
Deference in language
Moments of moving from less formal to more formal speech
Register-switching
Decomposition of Speakers into 1)the participant who is producing an utterance, 2) the participant who has chosen the words being used 3)the participant whose views, sentiments, or position is being expressed
Participant roles: animator, author, principal
How talk is a form of action that produces changes to the world/context of the talk
Performativity
The knowledge required to understand a Western Apache place name
Cultural categories
A linguistic repertoire that is associated, culture internally, with particular social practices and with persons who engage in such practices.
Register
Kenyan author Ngũgĩ Wa Thiong’o's work on education and literature in colonial Africa
Decolonizing the Mind
What people believe about how media affects the messages they send, receive, or overhear/witness.
Media ideologies/media switching
A sign relating to its object through likeness (portrait)
Icon
A period when a sound change is in
progress and spreading through a speech community
Orderly heterogeneity
In a specific country, a register considered the top register that stands above all registers, and is the one against which others are judged
National standard language
A series of unethical attempts to discover "original" or "natural" language
Forbidden experiment
Heritage identity and language skills can be seen as a form of cultural capital (similar to education or social connections) where certain registers, dialects and languages hold prestige and power, and within the neoliberal market system become more marketable for certain jobs
Neoliberalism and Linguistic Neoliberalism
A sign relating to its object through real connection (weathervane)
Index
Trying to change the way you speak so that you sound more like someone of a
higher class
Linguistic insecurity
Conceptions of what language is and what language does, often connecting language to matters of political, economic, moral, or
religious concern
Language ideology
A language that is a product of a multilingual situation in which those who wish to communicate must find or improvise a simplified language system
Pidgin
They organize symbols into geometric relations that reflect their semantic relations, but they cannot use them as indexes because indexes point to some objects
Register Use by Large Language Models
A sign relating to its object through a rule or convention (noun
Symbol
When speakers from lower SEC try to use a form that is associated with speakers from higher SEC, yet
they use the form too much, even in words or contexts that the speakers they are trying to imitate do not use
Hypercorrection
The ways that speakers shift from one language to
another within the course of an interaction
Code-switching/Code-mixing
Efforts to raise recognition, number of speakers, and pride in a language
Language revitalization
A ritual in which a subject experiences some kind of expected transformation from one role in life to another.
Rites of passage and interaction rituals