Theories of Social Deviance
What the theory that says deviance is a consequence of external judgements, or labels, that modify the individual’s self-concept and change the way others respond to the labeled person?
Labeling Theory
What is the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy?
Stratification
What is the measure of poverty - defined by the inability to meet minimal standards for food, shelter, clothing, or healthcare - associated with the federal poverty line?
Absolute poverty
Angela tells people that at the same time Black kids were being kept out of white schools so were other kids of racial minorities, including Latinx kids. The way education focuses on how Black people experience discrimination and hides how multiple forms of racism can happen simultaneously are harmful effects of what view of race?
The Black-white binary
What is the theory that posits that we learn deviance through our association with other deviant people?
Differential Association theory
What class is associated with high education, high financial stability, being able to hire people to work for them, but may not come from generational wealth?
Upper middle class
What is a measurement of poverty based on a standard of living in a given location?
Relative poverty
As defined by your book, what is an ethnic identity that is relevant only on specific occasions and does not significantly affect everyday life?
symbolic ethnicity
What theory deems social deviance as necessary and beneficial for clarifying social and moral boundaries?
Functionalism
Alexa comes from a family of wealth and goes to Stanford for her degree. She plans to take over her mother’s company when she retires as the next CEO. From this description, Alexa is part of what social class?
Upper class
What is the self-perpetuating system that makes it difficult or nearly impossible for people to escape poverty?
Cycle of poverty
What are the three ways that race and ethnicity are different as discussed in lecture?
1. Race is externally imposed and Ethnicity is self-defined
2. Race is involuntary and Ethnicity is voluntary
3. Race is primarily based on physical differences and ethnicity is based on cultural ones
What theory focuses on how social surroundings impact whether individuals engage in social deviance?
Broken Windows theory
According to your book, what are the five characteristics of high-mobility areas in the United States?
According to your book, what is the removal of the rights of citizenship through economic, political, or legal means which contributes to the invisibility of poverty?
disenfranchisement
According to your book, what is situational ethnicity?
An ethnic identity that can either be displayed or concealed depending upon its usefulness in a given situation
Giovanni says that laws are unfairly reinforced, explaining that the poor are targeted both by laws and enforcement because the ruling class makes the laws and enforces them. What theory supports Giovanni’s statement?
Conflict theory
According to your book, what is awareness of one’s own social status and that of others?
everyday class consciousness
What are the two critiques of using absolute poverty measures for measuring poverty in the United States?
1. Too much emphasis is placed on food costs
2. Doesn’t consider how the cost of living changes depending on where you live
As discussed in lecture, what are the five core principles of Critical Race Theory?
1. Race is a social construction
2. Racism is ordinary and embedded into all level of society
3. The hierarchical system of race benefits the dominant group (white people) in real, material ways
4. Society racializes different groups in response to shifting needs
5. People of color are uniquely situated to speak about racism