Critical Interventions
What is the ratio of chest compressions to ventilations?
30:2
What are the 3 types of hypothermia?
Mild, moderate, severe
What are the 4 types of burns?
Chemical, heat, radiation, electrical
Name 2 signs and symptoms of insect bites
Sudden pain, swelling, heat, redness, itching
What are the 2 types of diabetes?
hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia
What are the 2 types of bleeds?
Arterial, venous
What are the 2 types of frostbite?
Superficial, deep
Explain the treatment for heat cramps
Move casualty to cool place
Give water, drinks w/ electrolytes, or carbs
What are the 4 types of poisons?
Inhaled, injected, swallowed, absorbed
What is insulin?
hormone that regulates amount of glucose in the bloodstream
What is the initial treatment for deadly bleeding?
Rest- tell them not to move
Elevate- raise injured area if possible
Direct pressure- put pressure on wound
What is the difference in signs and symptoms between the 2 types of frostbite?
Superficial→ white, waxy skin; firm to touch but soft underneath
Deep→ no feeling, cold and hard; skin turns grey-blue
What are 2 precautions we take with burns?
Do not breathe on or touch
Do not break blisters
Do not remove clothing stuck on area
Do not use butter, oil, ointments, lotions
Do not cover with fluffy material; cotton wool
Do not use adhesive dressing
What are some precautions you need to take when treating ticks?
Found in multiples, wear ppe (gloves, goggles), can carry diseases/infections
What would the skin condition be of a patient with hypoglycemia?
pale, cool, clammy
What are the signs and symptoms of a severe choking patient?
-High-pitched wheezing or no noise when trying to breathe
-Blue lips and ears
List 3 signs/symptoms of hypothermia
Shivering a lot/not at all
Pale, cold, blue/grey skin
Fatigue
Slow pulse and breathing
Numbness
Confusion
Name 3 signs and symptoms of second-degree burns
Both layers (epidermis and dermis) of the skin is damaged
Skin looks raw and red in colour
Skin is moist and ranges in colour from white to cherry red
Blisters contain clear fluid
Extreme pain
Explain treatment for leeches
Use fingernail to push head end of leech off skin
Head end is smaller, skinnier end of leech
After head removed, push larger end off
There may be bleeding in area after, wash with soap and water
Which develops quicker? Hyper or hypo?
hypoglycemia
What is a critical intervention? Give an example for each category.
Critical interventions: anything that affects the ABCs
Airway→ choking on foreign object, unconscious casualty’s tongue blocking airway, airway swollen from allergic reaction, inhalation injuries
Breathing→ oxygen level low from high altitude, oxygen used up in small space, chest injury (eg. flail chest, pneumothorax) , abnormal lung function, illness (eg. pneumonia, asthma), poison
Circulation→ shock, deadly bleeding, internal bleeding, abnormal heart function
Describe the treatment for frozen state
Do not attempt first aid, transport to medical help as soon as possible
Explain the treatment for heat stroke
Place casualty in a cool place
Remove outer clothing and immerse the casualty in cool water up to the chin
If submerging them in cold water isn’t possible, cover casualty with wet sheets and fan the sheets to increase cooling
Sponge the casualty with cool water
Particularly the armpits, neck, and groin areas
Repeat these steps until casualty is cool to the touch
Cover them with a dry sheet
Place them in recovery position (unconscious) or shock position (conscious)
What is the phone number for poison control?
604-682-5050
What does TRAMP stand for?
Time- When should medication be taken? (eg. once every morning, when symptoms occur)
Route- How is medication administered? (eg. absorbed through skin
Amount- How much medication should be taken?
Medication- Is this the right medication?
Person- Is this the right person to give this medication to?