Erikson’s Stages
The psychosocial crisis faced during infancy, where consistent care leads to a sense of trust.
What is Trust vs. Mistrust?
From birth to 2 years, this stage is marked by learning through motor activity and physical experience.
What is the Sensorimotor Stage?
This is the first level of moral development, where morality is primarily understood in terms of obedience and avoiding punishment.
What is the Preconventional level?
This type of evaluation is done during the teaching process to make immediate improvements.
What is Formative Evaluation?
The final outcome to be achieved at the end of the teaching process.
What is a Goal?
This stage involves developing independence and confidence between ages 1.5 and 3 years.
What is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt?
Symbolic thinking and pretend play are characteristic of this stage, from ages 2 to 7.
What is the Preoperational Stage?
At this level, individuals begin to consider societal rules and the expectations of others in their moral reasoning.
What is the Conventional level?
The main purpose of this evaluation is to determine the effectiveness of teaching after it's completed.
What is Summative Evaluation?
A specific, short-term target that learners should achieve by the end of a session or shortly after several sessions.
What is an Objective?
In this stage, a child interacts with others and begins to lead, occurring from ages 3 to 5.
What is Initiative vs. Guilt?
The understanding of conservation develops in this stage, occurring between ages 7 and 11.
What is the Concrete Operational Stage?
At this level of Kohlberg’s moral development, moral reasoning is based on abstract principles and the concept of justice.
What is the Postconventional level?
Another name for formative evaluation, emphasizing its ongoing nature.
What is Process Evaluation?
This teaching method is a direct instruction technique often used in educational settings.
What is a Lecture or Seminar?
The key challenge during adolescence, involving the development of a personal identity.
What is Identity vs. Role Confusion?
Abstract and hypothetical thinking are hallmarks of this stage, beginning at age 11.
What is the Formal Operational Stage?
In this stage, within the Preconventional level, moral decisions are guided by self-interest and a fair exchange of benefits.
What is the Individualism and Exchange stage?
Summative evaluation is often referred to by this term, highlighting its focus on outcomes.
What is Outcome Evaluation?
These are the resources used to support and enhance the teaching process, such as handouts, visual aids, and technology.
What are Materials?
Reflecting on life with either satisfaction or regret happens in this final stage of Erikson’s theory.
What is Ego Integrity vs. Despair?
This stage includes animism and egocentrism, typically seen in children aged 2 to 7.
What is the Preoperational Stage?
This stage, part of the Postconventional level, is characterized by an individual following universal ethical principles, even if they conflict with laws.
What is the Universal Principles stage?
During a semester-long course on health promotion, students are asked to complete a short survey halfway through the course. The survey asks students about the clarity of the lectures, the effectiveness of teaching methods, and whether they feel they're meeting the learning objectives. Based on this feedback, the instructor might decide to incorporate more interactive activities or clarify certain topics in future classes to better support student learning.
What is Formative Evaluation?
This element of a teaching plan involves setting specific, measurable criteria to determine whether the learner has achieved the desired outcomes.
What is an Objective?