Chapter 5
Generation of sound by means of vocal fold vibration
What is phonation?
Span from lowest to highest frequency of which we are capable of producing
What is maximum frequency range of phonation?
vocal sound produced with an open tract, vocal fold vibration, and forms the main portion of a word
What is a vowel?
What is downstream?
Speech is represented through....
What are segmental and suprasegmental levels?
Arytenoids, corniculate, and cuniform
What are paired cartilages?
non-involuntary variability in the fundamental frequency
What is jitter?
resonant frequency in an acoustic sound source
What is a formant?
Articulation of more than one phoneme or producing one phoneme after another
What is coarticulation?
Voice break followed by a quick drop
What is a sharp upshift?
protects the lungs from a foreign body
What is the larynx?
Used to assess integrity of phonatory glottal closure
What is an s/z ratio?
influenced by the position of the tip of the tongue (i.e. a formant)
What is F3?
Sudden meeting of two pressures
What is a release burst?
Production of a low pitch
What is post-low bouncing?
responsible for vocal fold movement and fine motor control required for regulating fundamental frequency and quality of voice
What are intrinsic muscles?
Ratio of duration of the opening phase of the vocal folds to the duration of the closing phrase
What is speed quotient?
block the low frequency components of the sound wave and allow the high frequencies to pass through
What are high pass acoustic filters?
results from rapidly closing the vocal folds, causing a cessation of voicing as in the words "little" and "button"
What is a glottal stop?
Pause time or separation of syllables
What is juncture?
hard vocal onset, vfs are firmly closed BEFORE phonation is initiated
What is glottal attack?
Loft, male voice at a very high pitch; above modal register
What is a falsetto voice?
shows the extent to which the fundamental and harmonic structure stands out from background noise
What is the cepstrum?
What are sibilants?
Amount of emphasis placed on a syllable or group of syllables to convey meaning
What is prominence?