Chapter 11
What is a typical physical growth pattern in middle childhood?
Girls slightly surpass boys in height and fat accumulation
What characterizes Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage?
Logical, organized thinking about concrete situations
What is the central conflict in Erikson’s stage for middle childhood?
Industry vs. inferiority
What typically happens first during puberty?
Growth in hands and feet
What does Piaget’s formal operational stage involve?
Logical reasoning about abstract problems
What is a contributing factor to individual differences in physical growth during middle childhood?
Heredity and environment
What is an example of conservation in middle childhood?
Knowing that water poured into a tall glass is still the same amount
What is one factor that contributes to healthy self-esteem in children
Authoritative parenting
Which hormone is most responsible for sexual maturation in males?
Testosterone
What is hypothetico-deductive reasoning?
Formulating hypotheses and testing them
What is a secular trend in physical development?
Children today reach physical milestones earlier
Which skill involves understanding that if A > B and B > C, then A > C?
Transitive inference
What is coregulation
A shared responsibility between parent and child
What is a key brain change during adolescence?
Growth of the limbic system and prefrontal cortex
What is the imaginary audience?
Belief that everyone is watching and judging you
What are two common health problems in middle childhood?
Obesity and asthma
What is metacognition?
The ability to think about your own thinking
What is the difference between problem-centered and emotion-centered coping?
Problem-centered focuses on changing the situatio
Which eating disorder involves bingeing and purging?
Bulimia nervosa
What is one consequence of adolescent idealism?
Unrealistic expectations of how the world should work
How does recess benefit children in middle childhood?
It supports physical, cognitive, and social development
What is a balanced approach to reading instruction?
A combination of phonics and whole language
What is an example of emotional self-efficacy?
Believing you can manage your emotions effectively
What is a key factor in successful drug prevention programs?
Teaching refusal skills and boosting self-esteem
What is propositional thought?
Reasoning based on logical relationships rather than reality