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Vidya gave a presentation on Lemur catta, the scientific name of the ring-tailed lemur. In this name, Lemur refers to the genus, and catta refers to the species.
Question:
What does the name Lemur catta tell us about this organism?
A) It belongs to the genus catta.
B) It is classified in the kingdom Mammalia.
C) Its genus is Lemur and its species is catta.
D) It is part of the domain Animalia.
C) Its genus is Lemur and its species is catta.
Cell division is essential for the growth, repair, and reproduction of cells. In humans, different types of cells are produced through different processes. For example, body cells are produced through mitosis, while egg and sperm cells are produced through meiosis.
Question:
Which of the following correctly pairs a type of cell with the process that produces it?
A) Egg cell — meiosis in males
B) Sperm cell — mitosis in males
C) Body cell — mitosis in females
D) Body cell — meiosis in females
C) Body cell — mitosis in females
Every cell in the human body needs oxygen to survive. Which two body systems are mostly responsible for getting oxygen to human cells?
A digestive and excretory
B muscular and nervous
C reproductive and respiratory
D respiratory and circulatory
D) respiratory and circulatory
Explanation:
The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body through the lungs.
The circulatory system (especially the blood) transports that oxygen from the lungs to all the cells in the body.
Delia is teaching her sister about important molecules in the body. She tells her sister that one molecule provides a set of instructions that determines characteristics, such as eye color or hair color. Which is Delia describing?
A DNA
B glucose
C gamete
D spore
A) DNA
Explanation:
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms. It carries the instructions for traits such as eye color, hair color, and many other characteristics.
One part of the cell theory states that cells come from other cells. Which statement best explains that this part of the cell theory applies to all organisms?
A The cells of all organisms excrete waste.
B The cells of all organisms have cytoplasm.
C The cells of all organisms divide to make more cells.
D The cells of all organisms take in nutrients from their environment.
C) The cells of all organisms divide to make more cells.
Explanation:
One part of the cell theory states that all cells come from other cells, meaning that new cells are created through the process of cell division. This applies to all organisms, as all living organisms reproduce new cells through mitosis or meiosis.
Which correctly pairs a type of cell with how it could be produced?
F egg cell—meiosis in males
G sperm cell—mitosis in males
H body cell—mitosis in females
I body cell—meiosis in females
H) body cell—mitosis in females
Explanation:
Body cells (also known as somatic cells) are produced through mitosis in both males and females. Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell
In mice, the dominant T allele causes brown fur, while the recessive t allele causes white fur. A mouse with the Tt genotype has brown fur because the T allele is dominant.
Question:
If the parent on the left has the genotype Tt, what is the most likely genotype of the parent on the right?
A) tt
B) Tp
C) Tt
D) TT
C) Tt
Explanation:
In this case, the parent on the left has the genotype Tt, which means they have one dominant T allele (for brown fur) and one recessive t allele (for white fur).
For the offspring to inherit the T allele from this parent, the parent on the right must also carry at least one T allele. The most likely scenario is that the parent on the right also has the Tt genotype, since the tt genotype would not pass on a T allele, and the TT genotype would not allow for the recessive t allele.
Organisms are classified into groups based on shared characteristics. The groups are organized in a hierarchy from the most inclusive to the least inclusive. For example, humans and plants belong to the domain Eukarya, but they are classified into different kingdoms.
Question:
Which group is the least inclusive that contains both humans and plants?
A) Kingdom
B) Order
C) Phylum
D) Domain
Correct Answer:
D) Domain
In winter, flocks of birds made up of different species can be observed foraging together. Flocking together helps the birds find more food and be more alert to danger, which is a form of mutualism. However, because the birds all need the same scarce resources, they are also in competition with one another for food.
Question:
Based on the passage, what two behaviors do these mixed flocks of birds display?
A) Competition and commensalism
B) Mutualism and competition
C) Parasitism and mutualism
D) Predation and commensalism
Correct Answer:
B) Mutualism and competition
Sonia is conducting an experiment to understand how oxygen moves through the body. She starts by observing the blood as it flows through different blood vessels. Sonia notes that oxygen from the blood moves into the surrounding tissues, where it is needed by cells for energy. She focuses on the very small blood vessels that connect the arteries to the veins, where oxygen exchange occurs.
Question:
Based on Sonia's observations, which structure is she most likely studying, where oxygen moves from the bloodstream into the cells?
A) Veins – Large blood vessels that return blood to the heart.
B) Heart – The organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
C) Capillaries – Tiny blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged.
D) Lymph nodes – Small structures that filter lymph and help fight infection.
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body, and they are the sites where oxygen and other nutrients pass from the bloodstream into the cells. The thin walls of capillaries allow for the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the blood and the tissue
Which substance is a product of photosynthesis?
F carbon dioxide
G light energy
H minerals
I oxygen
I) oxygen
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, plants use carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), and light energy to produce glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂). Oxygen is released as a byproduct of this process.
Mangrove swamps are found along the southern coasts of Florida. A mangrove swamp contains an ecosystem of many organisms living among the large roots of the mangrove trees. A food web shows some of the relationships in that ecosystem. Which is a producer in the mangrove swamp?
A bacteria
B heron
C mold
D phytoplankton
D) Phytoplankton
Explanation:
In an ecosystem, producers are organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis. Phytoplankton are tiny photosynthetic organisms that use sunlight to produce food, making them primary producers in the food web.
I) Ants could die, adding nutrients to the soil below the plant.
Explanation:
While ants dying may contribute to the soil's nutrient content, it is not a direct reason plants would adapt to attract ants. Plants typically have mutualistic relationships with ants because the ants help the plant in ways that directly benefit its survival, such as protecting it from herbivores or helping with pollination.
While exploring a rock formation, Hiroto finds a rock that has footprints pressed into it. A geologist tells Hiroto that the rock is millions of years old. Which is correct about Hiroto’s find?
A It is not a fossil, because footprints are not fossils. B It is not a fossil, because only whole organisms are fossils.
C It is a fossil only if Hiroto finds actual parts of the organism in rocks nearby.
D It is a fossil because footprints of organisms from millions of years ago are considered to be fossils.
D) It is a fossil because footprints of organisms from millions of years ago are considered to be fossils.
Explanation:
Footprints, burrows, and other traces left by ancient organisms are known as trace fossils. They provide evidence of the organism's activity, even if no actual body parts (like bones or shells) are preserved.
A species of rodent lives in a moist forest. Over time, the climate becomes drier and more desertlike. Which adaptation is most likely to improve the chances that the species will survive as its environment changes?
A having dark hair and small ears
B living above ground in damp areas
C being able to eat only one type of berry
D being able to eat plants that survive in the changed environment
D) being able to eat plants that survive in the changed environment
Explanation:
As the environment changes from moist to more desertlike, the species will need to adapt to the new conditions. The availability of food will likely change, and being able to eat plants that can survive in the drier environment would improve the species' chances of survival. This would allow the rodent to find food even in a more challenging, dry environment.
A physicist at a research laboratory reports a startling new discovery. However, other scientists are unable to reproduce the results of the experiment. Which is the most likely explanation for the faulty results?
A The results are announced to the public.
B The conclusions are based on multiple trials.
C The data collection was not accurate or precise.
D Other scientists do not have as sophisticated equipment.
C) The data collection was not accurate or precise.
Explanation:
When other scientists are unable to reproduce the results of an experiment, it is often because the data collection was not accurate or precise. In science, reproducibility of results is a key component of validating experimental findings. If the original experiment was not conducted carefully, or if there were errors in measurement or methodology, the results may not be reliable.
In the mid 1800s, Charles Darwin described a process called evolution. He proposed that organisms changed over time from generation to generation. At first, scientists were skeptical, but they accepted Darwin’s idea when new discoveries supported it. Which term describes evolution?
F empirical evidence
G hypothesis
H law
I theory
I) theory
Explanation:
A theory in science is a well-supported explanation of natural phenomena that is based on a large body of empirical evidence and has stood up to repeated testing and observation.