Causes of Revolution
Which estate carried the biggest tax burden in pre-revolutionary France?
3rd Estate
What event on July 14, 1789, is celebrated as France’s national holiday today?
Storming of the Bastille.
Who was executed by guillotine in January 1793?
King Louis XVI
What French document declared that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”?
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.
Which faction wanted more moderate reforms: the Girondins or the Jacobins?
The Girondins
How did poor harvests contribute to unrest before 1789?
By causing severe food shortages, skyrocketing bread prices, and widespread hunger.
Why was the Tennis Court Oath a turning point in 1789?
The Third Estate members vowed to create a French constitution, asserting popular sovereignty and challenging the king's absolute authority
Which queen was known for her extravagance and later executed during the Revolution?
Marie Antoinette
What Enlightenment principle is reflected in the U.S. Constitution’s idea that power comes from the people?
Popular sovereignty
Who were the sans-culottes?
The working people of France
What effect did France’s debt from helping the American Revolution have on the monarchy?
France's significant debt from aiding the American Revolution severely weakened the monarchy's finances.
What was the “Great Fear” in the countryside during the summer of 1789?
A wave of panic and violent peasant uprisings that swept the French countryside in the summer of 1789, driven by rumors of aristocratic plots to suppress the revolution, and fears of famine
Which radical leader was responsible for much of the Reign of Terror?
Robespierre
The Civil Constitution of the Clergy reduced the power of what group?
The Catholic Church
What goal did both the Girondins and Jacobins share at the start of the Revolution?
To promote Enlightenment ideals and reforms
Which Enlightenment idea most challenged the idea of absolute monarchy?
Rousseau
What event officially marked the end of the Reign of Terror?
Execution of Robespierre and his allies on July 28th, 1794.
Who led France after the Revolution and crowned himself Emperor?
Napoleon
Which Enlightenment philosopher influenced the idea of natural rights (life, liberty, property)?
John Locke
How did the Jacobins differ from the Girondins in their approach to the monarchy?
Girondins aimed for more conservative political reforms compared to the Jacobins
Give two examples of social inequalities that fueled resentment among the Third Estate
Lack of political representation and disproportionate tax burden.
Which event symbolized the Revolution’s shift from moderate reform to radical violence?
Execution of King Louis XVI.
Which Enlightenment thinker most influenced the separation of powers idea in France?
Montesquieu
How did the American Revolution inspire the French Revolution?
showed that people could unite against an unpopular monarchy and gain freedom
Which group’s rise to power marked the start of the Radical Phase of the Revolution?
Jacobins (montagnards)