Week 1
Enterococcus has intrinsic resistance to this class of antimicrobials.
What are Cephalosporins.
These immune cells first phagocytose TB bacilli in the alveoli.
What are alveolar macrophages?
Describe the motion you are supposed to use when assessing axillary lymph nodes during physical exam.
What is a raking motion.
In neonates, empiric treatment for meningitis usually includes these two antibiotics to target Group B Streptococcus, E. coli, and other Gram-negative pathogens.
What are ampicillin and cefotaxime?
This immune-mediated complication of group A streptococcal pharyngitis can cause carditis, arthritis, chorea, subcutaneous nodules, and erythema marginatum, and may lead to chronic valvular heart disease if not treated
What is rheumatic fever?
The fungal equivalent of cholesterol in humans; this is the target of most anti-fungal medications.
What is ergosterol.
A 28-year-old pregnant patient comes for prenatal care. She has never received the rubella vaccine. Considering vaccine types and contraindications, she should not receive this type of vaccine during pregnancy due to potential fetal risk.
Bonus: name 3 vaccines of this type (100 points if answered correctly)
What is a live attenuated vaccine?
Bonus: MMR, Rotavirus, Varicella
Meningitis in infants often lacks focal findings on physical exam — sometimes only a (blank) is observed.
What is a bulging fontanelle.
A 2-week-old infant presents with malaise, fever, and widespread superficial erosions with erythema. The skin looks scalded, and Staph aureus toxins are suspected. Hospital admission and IV antibiotics are required.
What is Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)?
this condition primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, whereas the other more often involves the peripheral joints such as knees, ankles, and feet, often following an infection.
What is the difference between ankylosing spondylitis (spine and sacroiliac joints) and reactive arthritis (peripheral joints)?
The preferred biopsy type for suspected lymphoma.
What is Core Biopsy.
Connection between the superior and inferior mesenteric artery flows occurs between which major branches?
Bonus: what is the exact name of the artery that connects the two?
What is the middle colic and left colic
Bonus: Marginal Artery (collateral circulation)
Kaposi's Sarcoma is caused:
What is HSV-8.
3-year-old child presents with fever, irritability, and ear tugging. The parent reports the child was treated with a standard 10-day course of amoxicillin for acute otitis media just three weeks ago. Otoscopic exam reveals a bulging tympanic membrane with purulent fluid behind it. this is the most appropriate first-line treatment choice for the current infection.
What is amoxicillin-clavulanate (amoxiclav)?
Exanthematous Drug Reactions and Drug Reactions with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) both present with morbilliform eruption, but differ in terms of systemic involvement. What is the most common system/organ affected in DRESS?
What is the liver.
What antibiotic would be used to treat shigella in adults?
100 bonus points if you can name the antibiotic used in children.
What is Ciprofloxacin.
Children: What is Azithromycin :-P
These abnormal myeloblasts, characteristic of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), contain thin, reddish, needle-like cytoplasmic inclusions composed of fused lysosomal granules, visible under light microscopy and often highlighted by arrows in hematology slides.
What are Auer Rods?
Name 3 AIDS-defining opportunistic infections, not including pneumocystis or Kaposi Sarcoma.
100 bonus points for up to 2 additional infections.
What is HSV-1, salmonella, candidiasis (thrush), toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis.
A 7-year-old boy presents with 2 days of unilateral eyelid swelling and redness. His mother reports that he recently scratched an insect bite near his upper eyelid. On exam, the eyelid is warm, mildly tender, and diffusely swollen. There is no proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, or change in visual acuity. A small, tender nodule is palpated along the eyelid margin, and the child is afebrile. Which condition is most consistent with this presentation
What is preseptal (periorbital) cellulitis with a hordeolum
Erysipelas is a skin infection involving the dermis layer of the skin, but it may also extend to the superficial cutaneous lymphatics. It is most often caused by this pathogen.
What is Group A Strep.
This class of antimicrobials has strong anaerobic activity, but no atypical coverage.
100 bonus points if you can name 2 within category.
What are Carbapenems (Gorillacillins)
Ertapenem, Meropenem, Imipenem-Cilastatin.
A 35-year-old patient has arrived at the clinic due to bloody stool 5 days ago, which has resolved, but they continue to have reduced urine output. They have a history of sleeping more than usual. Family history is significant for type 2 diabetes. The patient lives at home with their family. No other family members are sick. Head and neck examination reveals dry mucous membranes. There is no lymphadenopathy. Cardiac exam is normal. Respiratory examination is normal. Abdominal examination reveals tenderness to left and right lower quadrants. MSK examination reveals reveals non-blanchable petechiae over the feet and mild pitting edema over the shins. Neurological examination is normal.
Bloodwork reveals:
Hemoglobin 75 g/L (normal range 137-180)Hematocrit 0.29 L/L (normal range 0.40-0.54)Erythrocytes 3.8 x 1012/L (normal range 4.5-6.0)MCV 97 fL (normal range 82-100)MCHC 360 g/L (normal range 320-360)Erythrocyte Distribution Width (RDW) 13.9% (normal range 11.0-16.0)Platelets 55 x 109/L (normal range 150-400)Leukocytes 14.2 x 109/L (normal range 4.0-11.0)Neutrophils 20.3 x 109/L (normal range 2.0-8.0)Granulocytes Immature 0 x 109/L (normal range 0.0-0.0)Lymphocytes 0.9 x 109/L (normal range 0.7-3.5)Monocytes 0.2 x 109/L (normal range 0.0-1.0)Eosinophils 0.5 x 109/L (normal range 0.0-0.7)Basophils 0.1 x 109/L (normal range 0.0-0.2)Reticulocytes 4.3% (normal range 0.5-2.5%)
What is Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
This is observed on chest imaging of pneumocystis pneumonia.
What is ground glass.
These five major classes of antibiotics include: one that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, one that inhibits protein synthesis by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit, one that inhibits protein synthesis by binding the 50S ribosomal subunit, one that inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV , and one that inhibits folic acid synthesis
What are β-lactams, tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides/trimethoprim?
If someone has recurrent angioedema without urticaria, you would want to rule out this condition.
What is C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency (hereditary angioedema).