Prokaryotes
Of the 3 Domains of life, which are prokaryotes
Bacteria and Archaea
Protists such as amoeba move using these structures
pseudopods
Mycelium are made of....
hyphae
Most of these fungi reproduce sexually, and produce a distinctive club-shaped fruiting body
Basidiomycota
A bacteriophage can infect...
bacteria
What are distinct features of a prokaryotic cell
Lacks a membrane-bound nucleus
• DNA is found in an area of the cell called the nucleoid
• Has a protective cell wall
Method of feeding by engulfing a food particle
phagocytosis
What does it mean if fungi are coenocytic?
They lack septa entirely
This phyla of fungi has flagellated spores and gametes
Chytridiomycota
The protein coat of a virus is called a _____
capsid
Name and describe the three shapes of bacteria.
Key shapes:
cocci – spherical
• can be colonial – “blobs”
bacilli – Rod-shaped
• usually single cells
spirilla – spirals, corkscrew
Paramecium move by this appendage
Cilia
Give two ways fungi can be beneficial for humans, as well as have a negative impact.
Positive:
Fungi are the source for many antibiotics, including
penicillin
• Some mushrooms are delicious!
• Yeast is a fungi used in fermented foods
Negative: Fungi known as rusts, smuts, mildews, wilts, and blights cause billions of dollars of crop losses each year
• Saprophytic fungi are responsible for losses due to
spoilage of fruits and vegetables
Asexual reproduction in fungi involves production of ___
spores
Name at least two ways viruses are treated
1) vaccines
2) antivirals
3) phage therapy
What is the difference between Gram-positive or gram-negative?
Gram-positive
• Cell wall has extensive amount of peptidoglycan
- respond to antibiotics that
disrupt peptidoglycan synthesis
Gram-negative
• Cell wall has a thin layer containing peptidoglycan and outer phospholipid bilayer
-respond to antibiotics that poison bacterial ribosomes
Members of this protist group cause toxic blooms called red tide
dinoflagellates
What is the single-celled growth form and the multicellular, filamentous growth form?
Two growth forms exist
1. Single-celled forms—
yeasts
2. Multicellular,
mycelia (singular:
mycelium
This structure forms a connecting "bridge" or appendage in bacteria to exchange information
The pilus
When a virus enters a cell, replicates, and spreads by breaking out of the cell, this is called ___ cycle
lytic
This is the first organism that oxygenated the atmosphere
cyanobacteria
This is the protist group that has chloroplasts from secondary endosymbiosis
Chromalveolata
Sexual reproduction in fungi involves two key processes, which are....
and
What occurs during both of these processes?
Plasmogamy occurs first
• Cytoplasms fuse
Karyogamy occurs second
• Nuclei fuse
• From haploid to diploid
When a bacteriophage spreads a plasmid to another bacteria, this is called____.
transduction
When a virus is "dormant" inside a cell, we call this the ____ cycle.
lysogenic