Infant Development & Growth
This reflex appears around 7–9 months and involves extending arms forward when falling.
Parachute reflex
Protective reflex that persists and indicates neurologic development.
This condition is suspected when a child presents with intermittent abdominal pain and currant jelly stools.
What is intussusception?
This pediatric airway emergency presents with drooling, stridor, and tripod positioning.
What is epiglottitis?
This psychosocial stage involves identity formation during adolescence.
What is identity vs role confusion?
An adolescent seeks care for contraception without parental involvement. This is legally permitted under this concept.
What is minor consent for reproductive health services (or medically emancipated minor)?
An infant doubles birth weight by ~5 months. What does this indicate about nutritional status?
Adequate nutrition and normal growth
Expected milestone; failure suggests feeding or metabolic issues.
This feeding strategy helps reduce gastroesophageal reflux in infants.
What are smaller, more frequent feedings with upright positioning?
This is the priority nursing action when caring for a child with suspected epiglottitis.
What is maintaining the airway and keeping the child calm?
This type of thinking allows adolescents to consider abstract concepts and future consequences.
What is formal operational thinking?
An adolescent demonstrates increased peer influence and risk-taking behaviors. This reflects incomplete development of this cognitive function.
What is impulse control or executive functioning?
A parent asks how to safely introduce solids to a 6-month-old. What teaching is correct?
Introduce one new food every 4–7 days; avoid honey and cow’s milk
Rationale: Prevents allergies and supports GI maturity.
This dietary change is most effective in improving constipation in toddlers.
What is increasing fiber and fluid intake?
This is the most effective strategy for preventing influenza in children.
What is annual vaccination?
This condition includes amenorrhea, low bone density, and low energy availability in athletes.
What is the female athlete triad?
A nurse is assessing a child with RSV. Increased work of breathing, tachypnea, and retractions indicate this stage of illness.
What is progression of illness?
This is the appropriate nursing action when a 3-month-old holds but does not voluntarily grasp objects.
What is document normal development?
This condition is identified by projectile vomiting and an olive-shaped abdominal mass.
What is pyloric stenosis?
A child presents with drooling, anxiety, and inspiratory stridor. This action should be avoided because it may precipitate complete airway obstruction.
What is examining the throat with a tongue depressor?
A nurse is educating on risk behaviors. This activity represents the highest preventable cause of adolescent mortality.
What is distracted driving (e.g., texting while driving)?
A nurse explains physiologic anemia in infancy to a parent. This decrease in hemoglobin is primarily caused by this change in erythropoiesis.
What is decreased red blood cell production due to fetal hemoglobin suppression of erythropoietin?
This physiologic process explains anemia seen around 5–6 months of age in infants.
What is decreased RBC production due to fetal hemoglobin and declining iron stores?
This safety principle explains why infants are placed on their backs to sleep despite reflux.
What is prevention of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
A child with respiratory distress insists on sitting upright and leaning forward. This position indicates this underlying physiologic need.
What is maximizing airway patency (tripod positioning)?
An adolescent athlete presents with amenorrhea and fatigue. These findings place the patient at risk for this long-term hematologic and skeletal complication.
What is decreased bone mineral density (or osteoporosis risk)?
A toddler has a lead level of 10 mcg/dL. The nurse understands that this requires education, monitoring, and follow-up because it places the child at risk for this complication.
What is developmental delay or neurologic impairment?