Day 1
What are the four major types of biological macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Where is genetic information stored in a cell?
DNA.
What are the four main Earth systems?
Geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
What layer of the atmosphere do humans live in?
The troposphere.
What object is at the center of our solar system?
The sun
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.
What is the difference between a gene and a chromosome?
A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a trait or product, while a chromosome is a long DNA structure that contains many genes.
What are the three main types of rocks?
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
What is the main difference between weather and climate?
Weather is short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate is long-term patterns over many years.
What causes day and night on Earth?
Earth rotates on its axis, causing different parts of Earth to face toward or away from the Sun.
What organelle is responsible for making most of the ATP in eukaryotic cells?
The mitochondria.
What is the purpose of mitosis?
To produce two genetically identical body cells for growth, repair, or replacement.
What is the law of superposition?
In undisturbed rock layers, the oldest layers are on the bottom and the youngest layers are on top.
What causes wind?
Wind is caused by differences in air pressure, usually created by uneven heating of Earth’s surface.
What happens to energy as it moves through a food chain?
Energy decreases at each trophic level because some energy is lost as heat and used for life processes.
What is the difference between passive transport and active transport?
Passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient. Active transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradient.
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype is the observable trait.
What type of plate boundary forms when two plates move away from each other?
A divergent boundary.
What role does the water cycle play in weather?
The water cycle moves water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff, which helps create clouds, rain, and storms.
What is natural selection?
Natural selection is the process where organisms with helpful traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
Photosynthesis stores energy by making glucose, while cellular respiration releases energy from glucose to make ATP.
Why does meiosis create genetic variation?
Meiosis creates variation through crossing over, independent assortment, and the production of genetically different gametes.
Why do earthquakes commonly occur near plate boundaries?
Plate movement creates stress along faults, and when that stress is released, an earthquake occurs.
Why does warm air rise and cool air sink?
Warm air is less dense, so it rises. Cool air is more dense, so it sinks.
How are mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection related to evolution?
They are mechanisms that can change allele frequencies in a population over time, causing evolution.