Atmosphere
What are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere?
These are the four layers of the atmosphere.
What are cumulus and stratus?
These are the two basic types of cloud formation.
What is counter-clockwise?
Air moves in this direction around a low pressure area in the northern hemisphere.
What is below?
The atmosphere is heated from here.
What are snow pellets?
If the water region lying below the supercooled region of the cloud is not of great depth, the hailstones do not acquire the hard, transparent covering and arrive at the ground as the type of precipitation seen here.
What is the stratopause?
This is the term given to the band located at the top of the stratosphere.
What are Nimbus Clouds?
Clouds from which heavy precipitation.
What is 29.92 inches of mercury ("Hg) or 1013.2 hectopascals (hPa)?
This is the standard mean sea level pressure according to ICAO.
What is precipitation-induced fog?
The type of fog associated mostly with warm fronts.
What are isobars?
The lines shown here join areas of equal pressure.
What are mobility, capacity for expansion, and capacity for compression?
These are the properties of the atmosphere.
What is convection?
This lifting agent is caused by the heating of the ground by the sun.
What is higher?
How the altimeter will read compared to actual altitude when flying from an area of high pressure to low pressure.
What is relative humidity?
The ratio of water vapour present in the air compared to the amount the same volume of air could hold if it were saturated.
What is a sea breeze?
The breeze shown here occurs during the day when the land heats up more rapidly than the water.
What is 1 .98 degrees Celsius per 1 000 feet?
This is the standard atmosphere rate of decrease of temperature with height according to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
What are cirrostratus?
A very thin high sheet cloud through which the sun or moon is visible, producing a halo effect.
What is Buys Ballot's Law?
This law states that if you stand with your back to the wind, the low pressure area will be on your left side.
What is the adiabatic process?
This process of cooling the atmosphere occurs when air is forced to rise and it therefore expands and cools.
What are stratus clouds?
The type of cloud shown here forms when air is stable. (Show Figure C
What is the ICAO standard atmosphere?
A lapse rate of 1.98 degrees/1000 feet, the air is a perfectly dry gas and the mean sea level temperature is 15 C.
What are condensation nuclei?
Water droplets form on these microscopic particles in the atmosphere, allowing condensation to occur.
What is Coriolis force?
As air moves from a high pressure system to a low pressure system, this force causes the winds to deflect to the right.
What is advection?
This heating process occurs when horizontal movement of cool air over a warm surface allows the cool air to be heated from below.
What is orographic lift?
The type of lift shown here occurs when the sloping terrain forces the air upward. (Show Figure