A
Which scientist first coined the term "cell" after looking at cork?
Robert Hooke (in 1665)
Which two scientists are credited with realizing that all plants and animals are made of cells?
Matthias Schleiden (plants) and Theodor Schwann (animals).
What does the principle "omnis cellula e cellula" mean?
Proposed by Rudolf Virchow, it translates to "all cells come from cells," debunking the old theory of spontaneous generation.
What are the three main STATEMENTS of the Cell Theory?
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms.
Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
What are the three primary structures found in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
The cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large permanent central vacuole.
Why do plant cells have a cell wall while animal cells do not?
Plants lack a skeleton; the rigid cell wall made of cellulose provides the structural support and protection needed for the plant to grow upright.
How do the vacuoles differ between the two cell types?
Plant cells: Have one large, central vacuole that maintains turgor pressure.
Animal cells: Have small, temporary vacuoles used for storage or transport.
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
The chloroplast, which contains the green pigment chlorophyll to trap light energy.
Do animal cells have a cell membrane? What is the function of the cell membrane?
Yes. Both plant and animal cells have a cell membrane to control what enters and leaves the cell.
What is the function of the Nucleus?
It acts as the "control center," containing the cell's genetic material (DNA) and coordinating activities like growth and reproduction.
Why is the Mitochondria called the "powerhouse" of the cell?
It is the site of respiration (aerobic), where glucose is broken down to release energy (ATP).
What is the role of Ribosomes?
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. They can be found floating freely or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
What is the Cytoplasm?
A jelly-like substance where most chemical reactions take place and where organelles are suspended.
What does the Golgi Apparatus do?
It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
How is a Red Blood Cell specialized for transporting oxygen?
It has a biconcave shape to increase surface area.
It has no nucleus, leaving more room for hemoglobin.
How are Root Hair Cells adapted for water absorption?
They have long, thin projections that significantly increase the surface area, allowing the plant to absorb more water and minerals from the soil.