Cell Signaling and Receptors
Signals target cells in the vicinity of the emitting cell
Paracrine
The DNA holding area in a prokaryote
Nucleoid
Origin of replication
What do Eukaryotic cells need to initate transcription?
Transcription factors
The basic unit for a protein
Amino acid
What is the process by which a signal moves from a receptor to another place in the cell called?
Signal Transduction
The cells main energy-carrying molecule and responsible for making ATP
Mitochondria
Lagging strand
What does a codon code for?
One amino acid
What structures are formed during the secondary protein?
Alpha helix and beta sheets
These receptors are found in the phospholipid bilayer
Cell-Surface Receptors
Contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids
Lysosomes
Where does DNA pol III add nucleotides?
3' end
Ribosome identifies the start codon AUG to establish the correct reading frame.
What bonds hold the alpha and beta parts in secondary structures?
Hydrogen Bonds
How many cellular responses can there be during Enzyme linked receptors?
2
The small round organelles enclosed by single-celled membranes that break down fatty acids and amino acids.
Peroxisomes
At the end of DNA replication, what enzyme is used to help phosphodiester bonds?
Ligase
How many codons are in this sequence?
AUGUUAGGCGCAUAG
5 codons
What bonds are created during the tertiary structure of a protein?
Disulfide, hydrophobic, hydrogen, ionic, and hydrophilic bonds
How many transmembrane domains do G-protein-linked receptors have?
7, each receptor has its specific extracellular domain and G-protein binding site.
Associated with the production and metabolism of fats and steroid hormones
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Why is DNA pol I imporant?
Rereads DNA, adds nucleotides, fills in gaps, removes unwanted nucleotides
What is the difference between translation between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Prokaryotes have a Shine-Delgarno sequence instead of a 5' cap
Peptide bonds