Section 1
What is the passing of traits from parents to offspring called?
heredity
Mendel cross-pollinated tall plants with short plants. These planst were called the _______________ generation.
parent
Mendel learned that each plant had two sets of instructionbs for each characteristics. These instructions are called ______.
genes
Recessive alleles are written as __________________ letters.
lowercase
When two alleles are the same, for example you get one allele for brown eyes (B) from your mom and one allele for brown eyes (B) from your dad your genotype is BB. What is this called
homozygous genotype
Who was the scientist that studied how traits were passed from parents to offspring?
Gregor Mendel
The offspring of the parent generation are called ____________ generation.
1st
Genes give instructions for what traits offspring will have. What is a trait?
eye color, hand size
If the genotype is the combination of alleles in an organism, what is the phenotype?
the way an organism looks.
When two alleles are different, for example you get one allele for brown eyes (B) from your mom and one allele for blue eyes (b) from your dad your genotype is Bb. What is this called
heterozygous genotype
What happens when one plant is cross-pollinated with another plant?
pollen from one plant fertilizes another plant and makes a new plant
The offspring of two plants that cross pollinate from the 1st generation of planst is called ___________ generation
2nd
Each parent gives ___________ set of genes to the offspring.
1
Tt, tt, Tt are all examples of an organism's genotype or phenotype?
genotype.
Look at the chart. How many kids will have blue eyes and how many will have brown eyes?
3 brown eyes, 1 blue eyes
What plant did Mendel use in his experiments to see what traits would be passed down to the offspring?
pea plants
What is a dominant trait?
a trait that is most likely to appear in offspring.
Each member of a gene pair is called an allele. An allele is different forms of the same gene. If we are talking about the gene for eye color, what are some of the alleles for eye color?
green eyes, blue eyes, brown eyes
Tall, short are examples of an organisms genotype of phenotype?
phenotype
What is the only way the recessive trait will show up in the offspring?
if you have two alleles that are recessive to make up the genotype.
Mendel did experiments with pea plants to look at 7 different characteristics (7 questions) of the pea plant. Name three questions he wanted answered when doing this experiment.
-purple/white flower
-yellow seeds/green seeds
-Round sees/wrinkled seeds
-green pods/yellow pods
-smooth pods/bumpy pods
-short plant/tall plant
-flowers that grow along the stem/flowers that grow at the tip
What is a recessive trait?
a trait that is least likely to appear in offspring.
Dominant alleles are written as ___________________letters.
-uppercase
A diagram called a ___________________ is used to figure out the PROBABILITY of an offspring having a certain genotype.
What does probability mean?
Punnett squares
The chance something will happen
Name three inherited traits that we have talked about?
hair color, dimples, freckles, can roll tongue, curly/striaght hair, eye color.